User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel13 - Revision history

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Shawndouglas at 21:55, 15 June 2024

2024-06-15T21:55:18Z

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Shawndouglas at 21:37, 15 June 2024

2024-06-15T21:37:27Z

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	==Conclusion==		==Conclusion==
			This brief topical article sought to address the types of laboratory testing that occur in an animal feed laboratory. We learned that this lab type has some similarities to the food and beverage laboratory, not only in the different roles the lab could potentially play but also the multidisciplinary nature of the testing that occurs within those roles. Operating in R&D, pre-manufacturing and manufacturing, and post-production regulation and safety roles, the workflows in these labs may differ, sometimes greatly. Performing analyses and research in nutritional reformulation can involve different methods and equipment when compared to, for example, adulteration testing. As humans consume animal products and byproducts, even public health contexts appear, particularly when something goes wrong with the production or storage of animal feed. Taken together, anything from microbiological testing to genetic testing may be involved in the workflows of the feed testing laboratory.

	==References==		==References==

Shawndouglas at 21:30, 15 June 2024

2024-06-15T21:30:41Z

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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
			Like food and beverage testing [[Laboratory\|laboratories]], the feed testing [[laboratory]] plays an important part in improving and securing the animal feed raw material supply, as well as the consumable feed products that get made from those raw materials. The feed lab plays a number of roles within the overall feed industry, including within the research and development (R&D), pre-manufacturing and manufacturing, and post-production regulation and safety phases of feed production. It's within these roles a multi-disciplinary approach to testing occurs, depending on the role played by the lab. However, regardless of role, all testing boils down to a means of better ensuring safer, more nutritious feeds for livestock and their derivative products, as well as for other animals raised for consumption.

	This brief topical article will ~~...~~		This brief topical article will examine the types of laboratory testing taking place within the three primary roles of a feed testing lab.

	~~'''Note''': Any citation leading to~~ a ~~software vendor's site is not to be considered a recommendation for that vendor. The citation should however still stand as a representational example of what vendors are implementing in their systems~~.

	==Broad testing within the industry==		==Broad testing within the industry==

Shawndouglas at 21:01, 15 June 2024

2024-06-15T21:01:29Z

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	'''Authenticity and adulteration testing''': In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), in conjunction with state governments, plays a role in the regulation and enforcement of safe animal feed.<ref name="FDAProdReg24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/product-regulation \|title=Product Regulation \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=31 January 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref> Regulatory testing laboratories play a part in this regulation and enforcement. While voluntary, U.S. states enrolled in the Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards (AFRPS) agree to standardize approaches to regulatory laboratory testing, whether performed by a government lab or third-party commercial lab.<ref name="FDAAFRPS23">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/media/136030/download?attachment \|format=PDF \|title=Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards \|author=Office of Regulatory Affairs \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=2023 \|accessdate=28 May 2024}}</ref> The analytical services provided are geared towards ensuring analyzed product matches labelling, and that the feed product is not adulterated.<ref name="FDAAFRPS23" /> This regulatory testing will look similar to that found in other roles, though arguably held to a higher standard. (The CVM used to also have a Feed Contaminants Program<ref name="FDACurrent13">{{cite web \|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/10/29/2013-25126/current-good-manufacturing-practice-and-hazard-analysis-and-risk-based-preventive-controls-for-food \|title=Current Good Manufacturing Practice and Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Food for Animals \|author=U.S. Food and Drug Administration; HHS \|work=Federal Register \|publisher=National Archives \|date=29 October 2013 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>, but it appears to be paused as of 2024, possibly pending revision.<ref name="FDABio24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/biological-chemical-and-physical-contaminants-animal-food \|title=Biological, Chemical, and Physical Contaminants in Animal Food \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=19 January 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>)		'''Authenticity and adulteration testing''': In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), in conjunction with state governments, plays a role in the regulation and enforcement of safe animal feed.<ref name="FDAProdReg24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/product-regulation \|title=Product Regulation \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=31 January 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref> Regulatory testing laboratories play a part in this regulation and enforcement. While voluntary, U.S. states enrolled in the Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards (AFRPS) agree to standardize approaches to regulatory laboratory testing, whether performed by a government lab or third-party commercial lab.<ref name="FDAAFRPS23">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/media/136030/download?attachment \|format=PDF \|title=Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards \|author=Office of Regulatory Affairs \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=2023 \|accessdate=28 May 2024}}</ref> The analytical services provided are geared towards ensuring analyzed product matches labelling, and that the feed product is not adulterated.<ref name="FDAAFRPS23" /> This regulatory testing will look similar to that found in other roles, though arguably held to a higher standard. (The CVM used to also have a Feed Contaminants Program<ref name="FDACurrent13">{{cite web \|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/10/29/2013-25126/current-good-manufacturing-practice-and-hazard-analysis-and-risk-based-preventive-controls-for-food \|title=Current Good Manufacturing Practice and Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Food for Animals \|author=U.S. Food and Drug Administration; HHS \|work=Federal Register \|publisher=National Archives \|date=29 October 2013 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>, but it appears to be paused as of 2024, possibly pending revision.<ref name="FDABio24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/biological-chemical-and-physical-contaminants-animal-food \|title=Biological, Chemical, and Physical Contaminants in Animal Food \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=19 January 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>)

	'''Public health investigations''':		'''Public health investigations''': Public health departments will work with the FDA, particularly during recalls of adulterated or mislabeled animal feed, or animal-derived products affected by such feed. When biological, chemical, and physical hazards are identified in animal feed—either through the efforts of the manufacturer, e.g., reporting through the Reportable Food Registry (RFR)<ref name="FDAHazard22">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/media/110477/download \|title=Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Food for Animals - Guidance for Industry \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=July 2022 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref> or by regulatory testing labs—the consequences may radiate beyond animals to the human population.<ref name="FDABio24" /> In these cases, public health laboratories may need to be involved, performing clinical laboratory analyses of veterinary and human specimens to identify vectors of contamination and limit further exposure to animals and humans. While this context isn't directly in the realm of feed testing, these labs can get involved as part of feed testing. Beyond recalls, the testing of feed may also occur in other public health contexts, such as antimicrobial resistance monitoring programs.<ref name="FDATheNat24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/national-antimicrobial-resistance-monitoring-system/national-antimicrobial-resistance-monitoring-system-strategic-plan-2021-2025-questions-and-answers \|title=The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Strategic Plan 2021-2025- Questions and Answers \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=01 May 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>

	==Conclusion==		==Conclusion==

Shawndouglas at 20:42, 15 June 2024

2024-06-15T20:42:43Z

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	'''Authenticity and adulteration testing''': In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), in conjunction with state governments, plays a role in the regulation and enforcement of safe animal feed.<ref name="FDAProdReg24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/product-regulation \|title=Product Regulation \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=31 January 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref> Regulatory testing laboratories play a part in this regulation and enforcement. While voluntary, U.S. states enrolled in the Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards (AFRPS) agree to standardize approaches to regulatory laboratory testing, whether performed by a government lab or third-party commercial lab.<ref name="FDAAFRPS23">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/media/136030/download?attachment \|format=PDF \|title=Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards \|author=Office of Regulatory Affairs \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=2023 \|accessdate=28 May 2024}}</ref> The analytical services provided are geared towards ensuring analyzed product matches labelling, and that the feed product is not adulterated.<ref name="FDAAFRPS23" /> This regulatory testing will look similar to that found in other roles, though arguably held to a higher standard. (The CVM used to also have a Feed Contaminants Program<ref name="FDACurrent13">{{cite web \|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/10/29/2013-25126/current-good-manufacturing-practice-and-hazard-analysis-and-risk-based-preventive-controls-for-food \|title=Current Good Manufacturing Practice and Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Food for Animals \|author=U.S. Food and Drug Administration; HHS \|work=Federal Register \|publisher=National Archives \|date=29 October 2013 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>, but it appears to be paused as of 2024, possibly pending revision.<ref name="FDABio24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/biological-chemical-and-physical-contaminants-animal-food \|title=Biological, Chemical, and Physical Contaminants in Animal Food \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=19 January 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>)		'''Authenticity and adulteration testing''': In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), in conjunction with state governments, plays a role in the regulation and enforcement of safe animal feed.<ref name="FDAProdReg24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/product-regulation \|title=Product Regulation \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=31 January 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref> Regulatory testing laboratories play a part in this regulation and enforcement. While voluntary, U.S. states enrolled in the Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards (AFRPS) agree to standardize approaches to regulatory laboratory testing, whether performed by a government lab or third-party commercial lab.<ref name="FDAAFRPS23">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/media/136030/download?attachment \|format=PDF \|title=Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards \|author=Office of Regulatory Affairs \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=2023 \|accessdate=28 May 2024}}</ref> The analytical services provided are geared towards ensuring analyzed product matches labelling, and that the feed product is not adulterated.<ref name="FDAAFRPS23" /> This regulatory testing will look similar to that found in other roles, though arguably held to a higher standard. (The CVM used to also have a Feed Contaminants Program<ref name="FDACurrent13">{{cite web \|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/10/29/2013-25126/current-good-manufacturing-practice-and-hazard-analysis-and-risk-based-preventive-controls-for-food \|title=Current Good Manufacturing Practice and Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Food for Animals \|author=U.S. Food and Drug Administration; HHS \|work=Federal Register \|publisher=National Archives \|date=29 October 2013 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>, but it appears to be paused as of 2024, possibly pending revision.<ref name="FDABio24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/biological-chemical-and-physical-contaminants-animal-food \|title=Biological, Chemical, and Physical Contaminants in Animal Food \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=19 January 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>)

			'''Public health investigations''':

	==Conclusion==		==Conclusion==

Shawndouglas at 20:16, 15 June 2024

2024-06-15T20:16:27Z

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	===Post-production regulation and safety roles===		===Post-production regulation and safety roles===
			The laboratory participating in these roles is performing one or more tasks that relate to the post-production examination of animal feed for regulatory, safety, or accreditation purposes. The following types of activities within the post-production regulation and safety stages will typically involve some level of laboratory participation.

			'''Authenticity and adulteration testing''': In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), in conjunction with state governments, plays a role in the regulation and enforcement of safe animal feed.<ref name="FDAProdReg24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/product-regulation \|title=Product Regulation \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=31 January 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref> Regulatory testing laboratories play a part in this regulation and enforcement. While voluntary, U.S. states enrolled in the Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards (AFRPS) agree to standardize approaches to regulatory laboratory testing, whether performed by a government lab or third-party commercial lab.<ref name="FDAAFRPS23">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/media/136030/download?attachment \|format=PDF \|title=Animal Food Regulatory Program Standards \|author=Office of Regulatory Affairs \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=2023 \|accessdate=28 May 2024}}</ref> The analytical services provided are geared towards ensuring analyzed product matches labelling, and that the feed product is not adulterated.<ref name="FDAAFRPS23" /> This regulatory testing will look similar to that found in other roles, though arguably held to a higher standard. (The CVM used to also have a Feed Contaminants Program<ref name="FDACurrent13">{{cite web \|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/10/29/2013-25126/current-good-manufacturing-practice-and-hazard-analysis-and-risk-based-preventive-controls-for-food \|title=Current Good Manufacturing Practice and Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Food for Animals \|author=U.S. Food and Drug Administration; HHS \|work=Federal Register \|publisher=National Archives \|date=29 October 2013 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>, but it appears to be paused as of 2024, possibly pending revision.<ref name="FDABio24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-food-feeds/biological-chemical-and-physical-contaminants-animal-food \|title=Biological, Chemical, and Physical Contaminants in Animal Food \|publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration \|date=19 January 2024 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>)

	==Conclusion==		==Conclusion==

Shawndouglas at 18:51, 15 June 2024

2024-06-15T18:51:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:51, 15 June 2024
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	The feed laboratory participating in this role is performing one or more tasks that relate to the preparative (i.e., pre-manufacturing) or QC (i.e., manufacturing) tasks of feed production. Predominantly, this looks like QC testing in the feed industry.		The feed laboratory participating in this role is performing one or more tasks that relate to the preparative (i.e., pre-manufacturing) or QC (i.e., manufacturing) tasks of feed production. Predominantly, this looks like QC testing in the feed industry.

	'''QA and QC testing''': Feed producers invest significantly in a product they believe in, requiring assurances along the way that it will have its best chance of success in the open market. The producer will want to ensure high-quality raw ingredients, high-quality equipment, an effective processing layout, and high customer satisfaction. A well-implemented [[quality management system]] (QMS) plays a major role in ensuring those requirements, and by extension that includes both QA and QC testing~~. Many aspects of feed production require high levels of quality, and as such, the type of analytical testing that takes place will vary, sometimes significantly, depending upon the associated risk~~. Are microbiological, physiological, or chemical risks being managed? Have allergens been inadvertently introduced? Are the nutritional requirements for the product still being met given the raw ingredient inputs as they stand currently? Is dangerous, unexpected foreign matter being introduced somewhere in the production workflow? Is their a product problem requiring analytic-based traceability back to a particular supplier? ~~These and other risk-based questions get answered through QA and QC testing.~~		'''QA and QC testing''': Feed producers invest significantly in a product they believe in, requiring assurances along the way that it will have its best chance of success in the open market. The producer will want to ensure high-quality raw ingredients, high-quality equipment, an effective processing layout, and high customer satisfaction. A well-implemented [[quality management system]] (QMS) plays a major role in ensuring those requirements, and by extension that includes both QA and QC testing. Are microbiological, physiological, or chemical risks being managed? Have allergens been inadvertently introduced? Are the nutritional requirements for the product still being met given the raw ingredient inputs as they stand currently? Is dangerous, unexpected foreign matter being introduced somewhere in the production workflow? Is their a product problem requiring analytic-based traceability back to a particular supplier?




	<ref>{{Cite book \|date=2012 \|editor-last=Fink-Gremmels \|editor-first=Johanna \|title=Animal feed contamination: effects on livestock and food safety \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/711047986 \|series=Woodhead Publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition \|publisher=Woodhead Publishing Limited \|place=Cambridge, UK : Philadelphia \|isbn=978-1-84569-725-9 \|oclc=711047986}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Kostyra \|first=H. \|last2=Kostyra \|first2=E. \|last3=Złotkowska \|first3=D. \|date=2008 \|title=Potential animal feed allergens \|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18942549 \|journal=Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences \|volume=11 \|issue=3 \|pages=251–255 \|issn=1505-1773 \|pmid=18942549}}</ref><ref name="CBRIAnimalFeed13">{{cite web \|url=https://www.campdenbri.co.uk/_access/download.php?type=whitePaper&file=feed-white-paper.pdf&access=public&name=feed-white-paper.pdf&hash=a9a2d6a87f18363a561b5f333e6016abcf4b7acff6bdb49333432355905f7b5c \|format=PDF \|title=Animal Feed Safety and Quality \|author=Campden BRI \|date=April 2013 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="TrouwRole20">{{cite web \|url=https://www.trouwnutritionasiapacific.com/en-in/7.0-tn-In-news-and-events/highlighted-stories/2020/role-of-quality-control-laboratories-in-animal-feed-production/ \|title=Role of Quality Control Laboratories in Animal Feed Production \|publisher=Trouw Nutrition \|date=23 June 2020 \|accessdate=14 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="WardObtain24">{{cite web \|url=https://animal.ifas.ufl.edu/media/animalifasufledu/dairy-website/ruminant-nutrition-symposium/archives/12.-WardRNS2024.pdf \|format=PDF \|author=Ward, R. \|title=Obtaining value from a feed/forage lab engagement \|work=Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium \|date=27 February 2024 \|accessdate=28 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="KoelemanFive23">{{cite web \|url=https://www.allaboutfeed.net/animal-feed/raw-materials/5-questions-to-masterlab-around-feed-analysis/ \|title=5 questions for MasterLab around feed analysis \|author=Koeleman, E.; Trouw Nutrition \|work=All About Feed \|date=12 June 2023 \|accessdate=15 June 2025}}</ref>



			These and other risk-based questions get answered through QA and QC testing. Many aspects of feed production require high levels of quality, and as such, the type of analytical testing that takes place will vary, sometimes significantly, depending upon what aspect is being tested. NIRS and wet chemistry methods may be used, as well as microbiological, genetic, microscopic, and physical methods, depending on what characteristics are being examined.<ref name="WardObtain24" /><ref>{{Cite book \|date=2012 \|editor-last=Fink-Gremmels \|editor-first=Johanna \|title=Animal feed contamination: effects on livestock and food safety \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/711047986 \|series=Woodhead Publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition \|publisher=Woodhead Publishing Limited \|place=Cambridge, UK : Philadelphia \|isbn=978-1-84569-725-9 \|oclc=711047986}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Kostyra \|first=H. \|last2=Kostyra \|first2=E. \|last3=Złotkowska \|first3=D. \|date=2008 \|title=Potential animal feed allergens \|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18942549 \|journal=Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences \|volume=11 \|issue=3 \|pages=251–255 \|issn=1505-1773 \|pmid=18942549}}</ref><ref name="CBRIAnimalFeed13">{{cite web \|url=https://www.campdenbri.co.uk/_access/download.php?type=whitePaper&file=feed-white-paper.pdf&access=public&name=feed-white-paper.pdf&hash=a9a2d6a87f18363a561b5f333e6016abcf4b7acff6bdb49333432355905f7b5c \|format=PDF \|title=Animal Feed Safety and Quality \|author=Campden BRI \|date=April 2013 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="TrouwRole20">{{cite web \|url=https://www.trouwnutritionasiapacific.com/en-in/7.0-tn-In-news-and-events/highlighted-stories/2020/role-of-quality-control-laboratories-in-animal-feed-production/ \|title=Role of Quality Control Laboratories in Animal Feed Production \|publisher=Trouw Nutrition \|date=23 June 2020 \|accessdate=14 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="KoelemanFive23">{{cite web \|url=https://www.allaboutfeed.net/animal-feed/raw-materials/5-questions-to-masterlab-around-feed-analysis/ \|title=5 questions for MasterLab around feed analysis \|author=Koeleman, E.; Trouw Nutrition \|work=All About Feed \|date=12 June 2023 \|accessdate=15 June 2025}}</ref>

	===Post-production regulation and safety roles===		===Post-production regulation and safety roles===

Shawndouglas at 18:44, 15 June 2024

2024-06-15T18:44:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:44, 15 June 2024
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	===Pre-manufacturing and manufacturing roles===		===Pre-manufacturing and manufacturing roles===
			The feed laboratory participating in this role is performing one or more tasks that relate to the preparative (i.e., pre-manufacturing) or QC (i.e., manufacturing) tasks of feed production. Predominantly, this looks like QC testing in the feed industry.

	'''~~Quality control~~ testing''':		'''QA and QC testing''': Feed producers invest significantly in a product they believe in, requiring assurances along the way that it will have its best chance of success in the open market. The producer will want to ensure high-quality raw ingredients, high-quality equipment, an effective processing layout, and high customer satisfaction. A well-implemented [[quality management system]] (QMS) plays a major role in ensuring those requirements, and by extension that includes both QA and QC testing. Many aspects of feed production require high levels of quality, and as such, the type of analytical testing that takes place will vary, sometimes significantly, depending upon the associated risk. Are microbiological, physiological, or chemical risks being managed? Have allergens been inadvertently introduced? Are the nutritional requirements for the product still being met given the raw ingredient inputs as they stand currently? Is dangerous, unexpected foreign matter being introduced somewhere in the production workflow? Is their a product problem requiring analytic-based traceability back to a particular supplier? These and other risk-based questions get answered through QA and QC testing.
	<ref name="TrouwRole20">{{cite web \|url=https://www.trouwnutritionasiapacific.com/en-in/7.0-tn-In-news-and-events/highlighted-stories/2020/role-of-quality-control-laboratories-in-animal-feed-production/ \|title=Role of Quality Control Laboratories in Animal Feed Production \|publisher=Trouw Nutrition \|date=23 June 2020 \|accessdate=14 June 2024}}</ref>



			<ref>{{Cite book \|date=2012 \|editor-last=Fink-Gremmels \|editor-first=Johanna \|title=Animal feed contamination: effects on livestock and food safety \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/711047986 \|series=Woodhead Publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition \|publisher=Woodhead Publishing Limited \|place=Cambridge, UK : Philadelphia \|isbn=978-1-84569-725-9 \|oclc=711047986}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Kostyra \|first=H. \|last2=Kostyra \|first2=E. \|last3=Złotkowska \|first3=D. \|date=2008 \|title=Potential animal feed allergens \|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18942549 \|journal=Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences \|volume=11 \|issue=3 \|pages=251–255 \|issn=1505-1773 \|pmid=18942549}}</ref><ref name="CBRIAnimalFeed13">{{cite web \|url=https://www.campdenbri.co.uk/_access/download.php?type=whitePaper&file=feed-white-paper.pdf&access=public&name=feed-white-paper.pdf&hash=a9a2d6a87f18363a561b5f333e6016abcf4b7acff6bdb49333432355905f7b5c \|format=PDF \|title=Animal Feed Safety and Quality \|author=Campden BRI \|date=April 2013 \|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="TrouwRole20">{{cite web \|url=https://www.trouwnutritionasiapacific.com/en-in/7.0-tn-In-news-and-events/highlighted-stories/2020/role-of-quality-control-laboratories-in-animal-feed-production/ \|title=Role of Quality Control Laboratories in Animal Feed Production \|publisher=Trouw Nutrition \|date=23 June 2020 \|accessdate=14 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="WardObtain24">{{cite web \|url=https://animal.ifas.ufl.edu/media/animalifasufledu/dairy-website/ruminant-nutrition-symposium/archives/12.-WardRNS2024.pdf \|format=PDF \|author=Ward, R. \|title=Obtaining value from a feed/forage lab engagement \|work=Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium \|date=27 February 2024 \|accessdate=28 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="KoelemanFive23">{{cite web \|url=https://www.allaboutfeed.net/animal-feed/raw-materials/5-questions-to-masterlab-around-feed-analysis/ \|title=5 questions for MasterLab around feed analysis \|author=Koeleman, E.; Trouw Nutrition \|work=All About Feed \|date=12 June 2023 \|accessdate=15 June 2025}}</ref>

	<ref name="WardObtain24">{{cite web \|url=https://animal.ifas.ufl.edu/media/animalifasufledu/dairy-website/ruminant-nutrition-symposium/archives/12.-WardRNS2024.pdf \|format=PDF \|author=Ward, R. \|title=Obtaining value from a feed/forage lab engagement \|work=Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium \|date=27 February 2024 \|accessdate=28 May 2024}}</ref>

	~~https://www.allaboutfeed.net/animal-feed/raw-materials/5-questions-to-masterlab-around-feed-analysis/~~

Shawndouglas at 18:00, 15 June 2024

2024-06-15T18:00:34Z

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	'''Nutritional reformulation''': Improving "animal growth and performance, as well as the quality of animal-derived products" remains a goal for the feed industry.<ref name="MahroseSea22">{{Citation \|last=Mahrose \|first=Khalid M. \|last2=Michalak \|first2=Izabela \|date=2022 \|editor-last=Ranga Rao \|editor-first=Ambati \|editor2-last=Ravishankar \|editor2-first=Gokare A. \|title=Seaweeds for Animal Feed, Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities \|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-91955-9_19 \|work=Sustainable Global Resources Of Seaweeds Volume 1 \|language=en \|publisher=Springer International Publishing \|place=Cham \|pages=357–379 \|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-91955-9_19 \|isbn=978-3-030-91954-2 \|accessdate=2024-06-14}}</ref> Developing new products and reformulating existing products to meet those goals involves the careful consideration of additives, their beneficial properties, and their practical incorporation into feed. As such, seaweeds<ref name="MahroseSea22" />, hempseed<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Xu \|first=Youjie \|last2=Li \|first2=Jun \|last3=Zhao \|first3=Jikai \|last4=Wang \|first4=Weiqun \|last5=Griffin \|first5=Jason \|last6=Li \|first6=Yonghui \|last7=Bean \|first7=Scott \|last8=Tilley \|first8=Mike \|last9=Wang \|first9=Donghai \|date=2021-02 \|title=Hempseed as a nutritious and healthy human food or animal feed source: a review \|url=https://ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijfs.14755 \|journal=International Journal of Food Science & Technology \|language=en \|volume=56 \|issue=2 \|pages=530–543 \|doi=10.1111/ijfs.14755 \|issn=0950-5423}}</ref>, insects<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=van Huis \|first=Arnold \|last2=Gasco \|first2=Laura \|date=2023-01-13 \|title=Insects as feed for livestock production \|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9165 \|journal=Science \|language=en \|volume=379 \|issue=6628 \|pages=138–139 \|doi=10.1126/science.adc9165 \|issn=0036-8075}}</ref>, and food losses and wastes<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Boumans \|first=Iris J.M.M. \|last2=Schop \|first2=Marijke \|last3=Bracke \|first3=Marc B.M. \|last4=de Boer \|first4=Imke J.M. \|last5=Gerrits \|first5=Walter J.J. \|last6=Bokkers \|first6=Eddie A.M. \|date=2022-12 \|title=Feeding food losses and waste to pigs and poultry: Implications for feed quality and production \|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652622041956 \|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production \|language=en \|volume=378 \|pages=134623 \|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134623}}</ref> have been investigated as ways to improve nutritional quality and animal-derived product outcomes. However, given the diverse array of input materials, accurately portraying the testing that comes with reformulation is challenging. A broad array of analytical techniques and industry knowledge, varying based upon the component sought out for change, can be at play. A combination of [[near-infrared spectroscopy]] (NIRS) and wet chemistry techniques can be used to determine, for example, concentrations of key nutrients. Even more complicated can be the application of nutrigenomics to feed optimization and reformulation efforts, requiring knowledge and equipment for a variety of omics techniques.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Haq \|first=Zulfqar ul \|last2=Saleem \|first2=Afnan \|last3=Khan \|first3=Azmat Alam \|last4=Dar \|first4=Mashooq Ahmad \|last5=Ganaie \|first5=Abdul Majeed \|last6=Beigh \|first6=Yasir Afzal \|last7=Hamadani \|first7=Heena \|last8=Ahmad \|first8=Syed Mudasir \|date=2022-09 \|title=Nutrigenomics in livestock sector and its human-animal interface-a review \|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2451943X22000333 \|journal=Veterinary and Animal Science \|language=en \|volume=17 \|pages=100262 \|doi=10.1016/j.vas.2022.100262 \|pmc=PMC9287789 \|pmid=35856004}}</ref>		'''Nutritional reformulation''': Improving "animal growth and performance, as well as the quality of animal-derived products" remains a goal for the feed industry.<ref name="MahroseSea22">{{Citation \|last=Mahrose \|first=Khalid M. \|last2=Michalak \|first2=Izabela \|date=2022 \|editor-last=Ranga Rao \|editor-first=Ambati \|editor2-last=Ravishankar \|editor2-first=Gokare A. \|title=Seaweeds for Animal Feed, Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities \|url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-91955-9_19 \|work=Sustainable Global Resources Of Seaweeds Volume 1 \|language=en \|publisher=Springer International Publishing \|place=Cham \|pages=357–379 \|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-91955-9_19 \|isbn=978-3-030-91954-2 \|accessdate=2024-06-14}}</ref> Developing new products and reformulating existing products to meet those goals involves the careful consideration of additives, their beneficial properties, and their practical incorporation into feed. As such, seaweeds<ref name="MahroseSea22" />, hempseed<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Xu \|first=Youjie \|last2=Li \|first2=Jun \|last3=Zhao \|first3=Jikai \|last4=Wang \|first4=Weiqun \|last5=Griffin \|first5=Jason \|last6=Li \|first6=Yonghui \|last7=Bean \|first7=Scott \|last8=Tilley \|first8=Mike \|last9=Wang \|first9=Donghai \|date=2021-02 \|title=Hempseed as a nutritious and healthy human food or animal feed source: a review \|url=https://ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijfs.14755 \|journal=International Journal of Food Science & Technology \|language=en \|volume=56 \|issue=2 \|pages=530–543 \|doi=10.1111/ijfs.14755 \|issn=0950-5423}}</ref>, insects<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=van Huis \|first=Arnold \|last2=Gasco \|first2=Laura \|date=2023-01-13 \|title=Insects as feed for livestock production \|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9165 \|journal=Science \|language=en \|volume=379 \|issue=6628 \|pages=138–139 \|doi=10.1126/science.adc9165 \|issn=0036-8075}}</ref>, and food losses and wastes<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Boumans \|first=Iris J.M.M. \|last2=Schop \|first2=Marijke \|last3=Bracke \|first3=Marc B.M. \|last4=de Boer \|first4=Imke J.M. \|last5=Gerrits \|first5=Walter J.J. \|last6=Bokkers \|first6=Eddie A.M. \|date=2022-12 \|title=Feeding food losses and waste to pigs and poultry: Implications for feed quality and production \|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652622041956 \|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production \|language=en \|volume=378 \|pages=134623 \|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134623}}</ref> have been investigated as ways to improve nutritional quality and animal-derived product outcomes. However, given the diverse array of input materials, accurately portraying the testing that comes with reformulation is challenging. A broad array of analytical techniques and industry knowledge, varying based upon the component sought out for change, can be at play. A combination of [[near-infrared spectroscopy]] (NIRS) and wet chemistry techniques can be used to determine, for example, concentrations of key nutrients. Even more complicated can be the application of nutrigenomics to feed optimization and reformulation efforts, requiring knowledge and equipment for a variety of omics techniques.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Haq \|first=Zulfqar ul \|last2=Saleem \|first2=Afnan \|last3=Khan \|first3=Azmat Alam \|last4=Dar \|first4=Mashooq Ahmad \|last5=Ganaie \|first5=Abdul Majeed \|last6=Beigh \|first6=Yasir Afzal \|last7=Hamadani \|first7=Heena \|last8=Ahmad \|first8=Syed Mudasir \|date=2022-09 \|title=Nutrigenomics in livestock sector and its human-animal interface-a review \|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2451943X22000333 \|journal=Veterinary and Animal Science \|language=en \|volume=17 \|pages=100262 \|doi=10.1016/j.vas.2022.100262 \|pmc=PMC9287789 \|pmid=35856004}}</ref>

			'''Stability, cycle, and challenge testing''': Multiple deteriorative catalysts can influence the stability of a feed product, from microbiological contaminants and chemical deterioration to storage conditions and the packaging itself. As such, there are multiple approaches to limiting the effects of those catalysts, from introducing additives to improving the packaging.<ref name="SubramaniamTheStab16">{{Cite book \|date=2016 \|editor-last=Subramaniam \|editor-first=Persis \|title=The stability and shelf life of food \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/956922925 \|series=Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition \|edition=Second edition \|publisher=Elsevier/WP, Woodhead Publishing \|place=Amsterdam \|isbn=978-0-08-100436-4 \|oclc=956922925}}</ref> The analytical techniques applied in stability, cycle, and challenge testing will vary based on, to a large degree, the product matrix and its chemical composition.<ref name="SubramaniamTheStab16" /> Microbiological testing of feed is sure to be involved in stability testing<ref>{{Cite web \|last=International Cooperation for Convergence of Technical Requirements for the Assessment of Feed Ingredients \|date=March 2019 \|title=Stability Testing of Feed Ingredients \|work=ICCF Guidance #01 \|url=https://ifif.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ICCF_GL_01-Stability-Testing-Step7.pdf \|format=PDF \|publisher=International Cooperation for Convergence of Technical Requirements for the Assessment of Feed Ingredients}}</ref>, as well as in challenge testing, which simulates what could happen to a product if contaminated by a microorganism and placed in a representative storage condition.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Lanni \|first=Luigi \|last2=Morena \|first2=Valeria \|last3=Scattareggia Marchese \|first3=Adriana \|last4=Destro \|first4=Gessica \|last5=Ferioli \|first5=Marcello \|last6=Catellani \|first6=Paolo \|last7=Giaccone \|first7=Valerio \|date=2021-12-23 \|title=Challenge Test as Special Tool to Estimate the Dynamic of Listeria monocytogenes and Other Foodborne Pathogens \|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/1/32 \|journal=Foods \|language=en \|volume=11 \|issue=1 \|pages=32 \|doi=10.3390/foods11010032 \|issn=2304-8158 \|pmc=PMC8750539 \|pmid=35010159}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Komitopoulou, E. \|date=2011 \|editor-last=Kilcast \|editor-first=David \|editor2-last=Subramaniam \|editor2-first=Persis \|title=Food and beverage stability and shelf life \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/838321011 \|chapter=Microbiological challenge testing of food \|series=Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition \|publisher=WP, Woodhead Publ \|place=Oxford \|pages=507–526 \|isbn=978-0-85709-254-0 \|oclc=838321011}}</ref>

	===Pre-manufacturing and manufacturing roles===		===Pre-manufacturing and manufacturing roles===