Difference between revisions of "Journal:A review of the role of public health informatics in healthcare"

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Public health informatics (PHI) is defined as the systematic application of [[information]], computer science and technology in areas of public health, including surveillance, prevention, preparedness, and health promotion. The main applications of PHI are 1. promoting the health of the whole population, which will ultimately promote the health of individuals<ref name="HoytHealth14">{{cite book |title=Health Informatics: Practical Guide for Healthcare and Information Technology Professionals |editor=Hoyt, R.E.; Yoshihashi, A.K. |publisher=Lulu Press |edition=6th |year=2014 |pages=534 |isbn=9781304791108}}</ref> and 2. preventing diseases and injuries by changing the conditions that increase the risk to  the population.<ref name="ChenAReview14">{{cite journal |title=A review of data quality assessment methods for public health information systems |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |author=Chen, H.; Hailey, D.; Wang, N.; Yu, P. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=5170-207 |year=2014 |doi=10.3390/ijerph110505170 |pmid=24830450 |pmc=PMC4053886}}</ref> Basically, PHI uses [[informatics]] in public health data collection, analysis and actions. Emphasis on disease prevention in the population, realizing its objectives using a large variety of interventions, and work within governmental settings are aspects that make PHI different from other fields of informatics.<ref name="YasnoffPublic00">{{cite journal |title=Public health informatics: Improving and transforming public health in the information age |journal=Journal of Public Health Management and Practice |author=Yasnoff, W.A.; O'Carroll, P.W.; Koo, D. et al. |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=67–75 |year=2000 |pmid=18019962}}</ref> The scope of PHI includes the conceptualization, design, development, deployment, refinement, maintenance, and evaluation of communication, surveillance, and information systems relevant to public health.<ref name="ChoiThePast12">{{cite journal |title=The past, present, and future of public health surveillance |journal=Scientifica |author=Choi, B.C. |volume=2012 |pages=875253 |year=2012 |doi=10.6064/2012/875253 |pmid=24278752 |pmc=PMC3820481}}</ref> PHI could be considered one of the most useful systems in addressing disease surveillance, epidemics, natural disasters and bioterrorism. The use of computerized global surveillance and data collection systems, such as a health information exchange (HIE) and health information organization (HIO), could assist in population-level monitoring. This could help to avert the negative impact of a widespread global epidemic.
Public health informatics (PHI) is defined as the systematic application of [[information]], computer science and technology in areas of public health, including surveillance, prevention, preparedness, and health promotion. The main applications of PHI are 1. promoting the health of the whole population, which will ultimately promote the health of individuals<ref name="HoytHealth14">{{cite book |title=Health Informatics: Practical Guide for Healthcare and Information Technology Professionals |editor=Hoyt, R.E.; Yoshihashi, A.K. |publisher=Lulu Press |edition=6th |year=2014 |pages=534 |isbn=9781304791108}}</ref> and 2. preventing diseases and injuries by changing the conditions that increase the risk to  the population.<ref name="ChenAReview14">{{cite journal |title=A review of data quality assessment methods for public health information systems |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |author=Chen, H.; Hailey, D.; Wang, N.; Yu, P. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=5170-207 |year=2014 |doi=10.3390/ijerph110505170 |pmid=24830450 |pmc=PMC4053886}}</ref> Basically, PHI uses [[informatics]] in public health data collection, analysis and actions. Emphasis on disease prevention in the population, realizing its objectives using a large variety of interventions, and work within governmental settings are aspects that make PHI different from other fields of informatics.<ref name="YasnoffPublic00">{{cite journal |title=Public health informatics: Improving and transforming public health in the information age |journal=Journal of Public Health Management and Practice |author=Yasnoff, W.A.; O'Carroll, P.W.; Koo, D. et al. |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=67–75 |year=2000 |pmid=18019962}}</ref> The scope of PHI includes the conceptualization, design, development, deployment, refinement, maintenance, and evaluation of communication, surveillance, and information systems relevant to public health.<ref name="ChoiThePast12">{{cite journal |title=The past, present, and future of public health surveillance |journal=Scientifica |author=Choi, B.C. |volume=2012 |pages=875253 |year=2012 |doi=10.6064/2012/875253 |pmid=24278752 |pmc=PMC3820481}}</ref> PHI could be considered one of the most useful systems in addressing disease surveillance, epidemics, natural disasters and bioterrorism. The use of computerized global surveillance and data collection systems, such as a health information exchange (HIE) and health information organization (HIO), could assist in population-level monitoring. This could help to avert the negative impact of a widespread global epidemic.


==Surveillance systems==
Surveillance in public health involves the collection, analysis and interpretation of data that are important for the prevention of injury and diseases. Through available data, possible early detection of outbreaks can be achieved via the timely and complete receipt, review, and investigation of disease case reports. An inclusive surveillance effort supports timely investigation and identifies data needs for managing public health response to an outbreak or terrorist event.<ref name="KraftUsing17">{{cite book |title=Informatics for health professionals |chapter=Chapter 14: Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health |author=Kraft, M.R.; Androwich, I. |editor=Mastrian, K.; McGonigle, D. |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |pages=263–276 |year=2016 |isbn=9781284102635}}</ref> Worldwide, governments are strengthening their public health disease surveillance systems, taking advantage of modern information technology to build an integrated, effective, and reliable disease reporting system.<ref name="WangEmergence08">{{cite journal |title=Emergence and control of infectious diseases in China |journal=The Lancet |author=Wang, L.; Wang, Y.; Jin, S. et al. |volume=372 |issue=9649 |pages=1598–1605 |year=2008 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61365-3}}</ref> A surveillance system, such as syndromic surveillance systems, could collect symptoms and clinical features of an undiagnosed disease or health event in near real time that might indicate the early stages of an outbreak or bioterrorism attack. For instance, local or regional public health departments could alert all the clinicians within an HIO about unique cases of a highly resistant infectious organism or a widespread prevalence of communicable diseases. Consequently, the HIO can play an important role in PHI by providing available patient data in conditions of natural disaster, when paper-based records might be destroyed or unavailable.





Revision as of 20:03, 27 November 2017

Full article title A review of the role of public health informatics in healthcare
Journal Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
Author(s) Aziz, Hassan A.
Author affiliation(s) Qatar University
Year published 2017
Volume and issue 12(1)
Page(s) 78–81
DOI 10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.08.011
ISSN 1658-3612
Distribution license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Website http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361216301019
Download http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361216301019/pdfft (PDF)

Abstract

Recognized as information intensive, healthcare requires timely, accurate information from many different sources generated by health information systems (HIS). With the availability of information technology in today's world and its integration in healthcare systems, the term “public health informatics (PHI)” was coined and used. The main focus of PHI is the use of information science and technology for promoting population health rather than individual health. PHI has a disease prevention rather than treatment focus in order to prevent a chain of events that leads to a disease's spread. Moreover, PHI often operates at the government level rather than in the private sector. This review article provides an overview of the field of PHI and compares paper-based surveillance system and public health information networks (PHIN). The current trends and future challenges of applying PHI systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) were also reported.

Keywords: informatics, public health, public health information network, surveillance systems

Public health informatics

Introduction and definition

Public health informatics (PHI) is defined as the systematic application of information, computer science and technology in areas of public health, including surveillance, prevention, preparedness, and health promotion. The main applications of PHI are 1. promoting the health of the whole population, which will ultimately promote the health of individuals[1] and 2. preventing diseases and injuries by changing the conditions that increase the risk to the population.[2] Basically, PHI uses informatics in public health data collection, analysis and actions. Emphasis on disease prevention in the population, realizing its objectives using a large variety of interventions, and work within governmental settings are aspects that make PHI different from other fields of informatics.[3] The scope of PHI includes the conceptualization, design, development, deployment, refinement, maintenance, and evaluation of communication, surveillance, and information systems relevant to public health.[4] PHI could be considered one of the most useful systems in addressing disease surveillance, epidemics, natural disasters and bioterrorism. The use of computerized global surveillance and data collection systems, such as a health information exchange (HIE) and health information organization (HIO), could assist in population-level monitoring. This could help to avert the negative impact of a widespread global epidemic.

Surveillance systems

Surveillance in public health involves the collection, analysis and interpretation of data that are important for the prevention of injury and diseases. Through available data, possible early detection of outbreaks can be achieved via the timely and complete receipt, review, and investigation of disease case reports. An inclusive surveillance effort supports timely investigation and identifies data needs for managing public health response to an outbreak or terrorist event.[5] Worldwide, governments are strengthening their public health disease surveillance systems, taking advantage of modern information technology to build an integrated, effective, and reliable disease reporting system.[6] A surveillance system, such as syndromic surveillance systems, could collect symptoms and clinical features of an undiagnosed disease or health event in near real time that might indicate the early stages of an outbreak or bioterrorism attack. For instance, local or regional public health departments could alert all the clinicians within an HIO about unique cases of a highly resistant infectious organism or a widespread prevalence of communicable diseases. Consequently, the HIO can play an important role in PHI by providing available patient data in conditions of natural disaster, when paper-based records might be destroyed or unavailable.


References

  1. Hoyt, R.E.; Yoshihashi, A.K., ed. (2014). Health Informatics: Practical Guide for Healthcare and Information Technology Professionals (6th ed.). Lulu Press. pp. 534. ISBN 9781304791108. 
  2. Chen, H.; Hailey, D.; Wang, N.; Yu, P. (2014). "A review of data quality assessment methods for public health information systems". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11 (5): 5170-207. doi:10.3390/ijerph110505170. PMC PMC4053886. PMID 24830450. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4053886. 
  3. Yasnoff, W.A.; O'Carroll, P.W.; Koo, D. et al. (2000). "Public health informatics: Improving and transforming public health in the information age". Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 6 (6): 67–75. PMID 18019962. 
  4. Choi, B.C. (2012). "The past, present, and future of public health surveillance". Scientifica 2012: 875253. doi:10.6064/2012/875253. PMC PMC3820481. PMID 24278752. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820481. 
  5. Kraft, M.R.; Androwich, I. (2016). "Chapter 14: Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health". In Mastrian, K.; McGonigle, D.. Informatics for health professionals. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 263–276. ISBN 9781284102635. 
  6. Wang, L.; Wang, Y.; Jin, S. et al. (2008). "Emergence and control of infectious diseases in China". The Lancet 372 (9649): 1598–1605. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61365-3. 

Notes

This presentation is faithful to the original, with only a few minor changes to presentation. In some cases important information was missing from the references, and that information was added. A few grammar and spelling errors were also corrected.