Journal:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s public-health monitoring and analysis platform: A satellite-derived environmental information system supporting epidemiological study

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Full article title Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s public-health monitoring and analysis platform: A satellite-derived
environmental information system supporting epidemiological study
Journal Geospatial Health
Author(s) Oyashi, Kei; Mizukami, Yosei; Kakuda, Ryosuke; Kobayashi, Yusuke; Kai, Hiroki; Tadono, Takeo
Author affiliation(s) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan
Primary contact Email: ohyoshi dot kei at jaxa dot jp
Year published 2019
Volume and issue 14(1)
Page(s) 717
DOI 10.4081/gh.2019.717
ISSN 1970-7096
Distribution license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Website https://geospatialhealth.net/index.php/gh/article/view/717
Download https://geospatialhealth.net/index.php/gh/article/view/717/772 (PDF)
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Abstract

Since the 1970s, Earth-observing satellites collect increasingly detailed environmental information on land cover, meteorological conditions, environmental variables, and air pollutants. This information spans the entire globe, and its acquisition plays an important role in epidemiological analysis when in situ data are unavailable or spatially and/or temporally sparse. In this paper, we present the development of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s (JAXA) Public-health Monitoring and Analysis Platform, a user-friendly, web-based system providing environmental data on shortwave radiation, rainfall, soil moisture, the normalized difference vegetation index, aerosol optical thickness, land surface temperature and altitude. This system has been designed so that users would be able to download and utilize data without the need for additional data processing. The website allows interactive exchange, and users can request data for a specific geographic location and time using the information gained for the purpose of epidemiological analysis.

Keywords: earth-observing satellites, infection diseases, environmental information; online database; geospatial data; JPMAP, JAXA

Introduction

Climate change affects human health in diverse ways, including direct impact from extreme weather such as heat, drought, and heavy rain, and indirect impact through natural systems such as vector-borne diseases, water-borne diseases, and air pollution. Climate change also works through human systems, exemplified by occupational strain, malnutrition, and mental stress.[1][2] These and other types of phenomena have emerged in various regions of the world to threaten human civilization. It follows that the development of an understanding of climate-disease interactions, monitoring of outcomes, and identification of opportunities for mitigating adverse effects are important public-health research issues.[3] The United Nations (U.N.) is well aware of such threats and has developed an agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) tailored to meet these challenges. Among them, SDG No. 3 addresses infectious diseases and seeks to end epidemics caused by malaria, neglected tropical diseases, and water-borne infections by the year 2030, with the ultimate goal of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages.[4]

Infectious diseases occur as a consequence of close interaction between humans, animals, and the environment they live in. Adopting the One Health approach, a collaborative effort of multiple disciplines to work for health across these three domains is essential for the identification of opportunities for health improvement and optimizing mitigation of risk.[5] Although estimates of the health impacts based on this approach require extensive data collection, information on important environmental variables are often missing or sparse with respect to both time and space. Insufficient data on parameters such as temperature, rainfall, land use/land cover, atmospheric pollutants, forest fires, and topography prevent researchers and practitioners from conducting comprehensive investigations.

Earth-observing satellites (EOS) play a vital role in the collection of the above-mentioned environmental factors since they consistently observe the entire globe within rapidly repeated time periods. More than 30 years of archived data, used in epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, are currently available, including knowledge of air-pollution levels and extreme weather conditions related to communicable diseases, such as lung afflictions and heat stroke.[6][7][8][9][10] The Group on Earth Observations (GEO), the biggest community of this kind, uses satellite-generated in-situ observations to address areas of societal benefit, including public-health surveillance, aiming to provide alerts regarding air quality, weather extremes, water-related illness, vector-borne disease, and assessments regarding access to health facilities.

Acknowledgements

THe GlobCover land cover map was obtained from the ESA GlobCover 2009 Project. The administrative boundary data (vector format data) were obtained from the GADM database. MOD11C1 Collection-6 data were obtained from NASA’s LandProcesses Distributed Active Archive Center located at the USGS EarthResources Observation and Science Center. Rainfall, shortwave radiation, soil moisture, NDVI, AOT, and altitude data were obtained from JAXA.

Contributions

KO wrote the draft of manuscript and designed the study; YM and TT reviewed the multiple versions of manuscript and contributed on study design; RK, YK, and HK contributed on coding and data processing.

Funding

None.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

References

  1. ↑ Bowles, D.C.; Butler, C.D.; Friel, S. (2014). "Climate change and health in Earth's future". Earth's Future 2 (2): 60–67. doi:10.1002/2013EF000177. 
  2. ↑ Smith, K.R.; Woodward, A.; Campbell-Lendrum, D. et al. (2014). "Chapter 11: Human health: Impacts, adaptation, and co-benefits". In Field, C.B.; Barros, V.R.; Dokken, D.J. et al.. Cambridge University Press. pp. 709–54. ISBN 9781107641655. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/. 
  3. ↑ Altizer, S.; Ostfeld, R.S.; Johnson, P.T. et al. (2013). "Climate change and infectious diseases: From evidence to a predictive framework". Science 341 (6145): 514–9. doi:10.1126/science.1239401. PMID 23908230. 
  4. ↑ United Nations (2018). "Sustainable Development Goals". Sustainable Development Goals Knowledge Platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300. 
  5. ↑ Lebov, J.; Grieger, K.; Womack, D. et al. (2017). "A framework for One Health research". One Health 3: 44–50. doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2017.03.004. 
  6. ↑ Laaidi, K.; Zeghnoun, A.; Dousset, B. et al. (2012). "The impact of heat islands on mortality in Paris during the August 2003 heat wave". Environmental Health Perspectives 120 (2): 254–9. doi:10.1289/ehp.1103532. PMC PMC3279432. PMID 21885383. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279432. 
  7. ↑ Igarashi, T.; Kuze, A.; Sobue, S. et al. (2012). "Japan's efforts to promote global health using satellite remote sensing data from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency for prediction of infectious diseases and air quality". Geospatial Health 8 (3): S603–10. doi:10.4081/gh.2014.299. PMID 25599641. 
  8. ↑ Gebreslasie, M.T. (2015). "A review of spatial technologies with applications for malaria transmission modelling and control in Africa". Geospatial Health 10 (2): 328. doi:10.4081/gh.2015.328. PMID 26618308. 
  9. ↑ Takane, M.; Yabe, S.; Tateshita, Y. et al. (2016). "Satellite imagery technology in public health: analysis of site catchment areas for assessment of poliovirus circulation in Nigeria and Niger". Geospatial Health 11 (3): 462. doi:10.4081/gh.2016.462. PMID 27903060. 
  10. ↑ Hasan, M.A.; Mouw, C.; Jutla, A. et al. (2018). "Quantification of Rotavirus Diarrheal Risk Due to Hydroclimatic Extremes Over South Asia: Prospects of Satellite‐Based Observations in Detecting Outbreaks". GeoHealth 2 (2): 70–86. doi:10.1002/2017GH000101. 

Notes

This presentation is faithful to the original, with only a few minor changes to presentation, grammar, and punctuation. In some cases important information was missing from the references, and that information was added.

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