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== | ==6. Final thoughts== | ||
This guide has attempted to provide insight into various aspects of the current status of laboratory testing of cannabis in the U.S. By extension, it has required a closer look at many non-testing or tangentially related aspects of cannabis, including history, regulations, standards, methods, equipment, and software. The guide has also attempted to look at the potential future of testing, a more difficult feat that has required inspection | [[File:LAB COURSE IN CHROMATOGRAPHY.jpg|right|300px]] This guide has attempted to provide insight into various aspects of the current status of laboratory testing of cannabis in the U.S. By extension, it has required a closer look at many non-testing or tangentially related aspects of cannabis, including history, regulations, standards, methods, equipment, and software. The guide has also attempted to look at the potential future of testing, a more difficult feat that has required inspection of—and speculation on—a mix of statistics and politics, as well as government and social policy and how they may all affect the future of cannabis testing. We learned that many point fingers at the U.S. federal government for being responsible for several cannabis-related issues, including lack of clear government support for cannabis research, lack of standardization of testing and analysis methods for said research, and wavering policy that remains inconsistent at best. At root is the fact that the federal government maintains cannabis (and its constituents) as a Schedule I drug, by extension declaring that it has no respectable medical use. This and related decisions have slowed down the academic study of cannabis (in the U.S.), including its analysis, quality testing, and research and use as a medical treatment. The development, implementation, and reassessment of cultivation and testing standards and methods have largely been piecemeal; additionally, those efforts have been enacted in an environment where, despite the legal status in a state, fear that the federal government will inevitably intervene slows progress even further. | ||
Despite these barriers, the speed at which U.S. states have adopted some form of legalization of cannabis has pushed scientists and researchers to collaborate and improve standards and methods. Necessity continues to be the mother of invention, driving those in the industry to adapt or perish in a difficult, inconsistent market. State officials are teaming up at industry conferences and sharing ideas. Non-profit organizations are joining forces with major standards agencies to expand and improve good laboratory practices. | Despite these barriers, the speed at which U.S. states have adopted some form of legalization of cannabis has pushed scientists and researchers to collaborate and improve standards and methods. Necessity continues to be the mother of invention, driving those in the industry to adapt or perish in a difficult, inconsistent market. State officials are teaming up at industry conferences and sharing ideas. Non-profit organizations are joining forces with major standards agencies to expand and improve good laboratory practices. Researchers—whether on their own or with the help of others internationally—are learning more about the various cannabinoids and their interaction with terpenes, driving new insight into potential therapeutic remedies. Overall public perception about marijuana consumption and use is gradually shifting towards a positive light, even when so little is still understood about the long-term ramifications of its use. Commercial interests are taking notice, and so are international treaty makers. All of this adds up to forward momentum in the cannabis industry, with warts and all. | ||
Many factors will affect the future of cannabis regulation, testing, and research | Many factors will affect the future of cannabis regulation, testing, and research; in the process, we're certain to see both ups and downs as political and social climates continue to change. However, as marijuana consumption and hemp-based manufacturing methods continue to see expanded support, consumers and manufacturers, as well as all those involved in between, will always clamor for a safer product that is "as advertised." Laboratory analysis will play an important role in that effort, whether it's in the medical research lab, the quality control lab, or the manufacturer's lab. It will be imperative for all interested parties to further work together to ensure methods are sound and standardized in a realistic and beneficial way to ensure that in the end consumers will get the best possible product available. | ||
== | ==7. Resources== | ||
===Key reading=== | ===Key reading=== | ||
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* {{cite web |url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/big-marijuana-1.pdf |format=PDF |title=Worry about bad marijuana — not Big Marijuana |author=Hudak, J.; Rauch, J. |publisher=The Brookings Institution |pages=18 |date=June 2016}} | * {{cite web |url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/big-marijuana-1.pdf |format=PDF |title=Worry about bad marijuana — not Big Marijuana |author=Hudak, J.; Rauch, J. |publisher=The Brookings Institution |pages=18 |date=June 2016}} | ||
* {{cite journal |title=Cannabis and the Opioid Crisis |journal=Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research |author=Piomelli, D.; Weiss, S.; Boyd, G. et al. |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=108-16 |year=2018 |doi=10.1089/can.2018.29011.rtl |pmid=29789812 |pmc=PMC5931647}} | |||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/bootleggers.pdf |format=PDF |title=Bootleggers, Baptists, bureaucrats, and bongs: How special interests will shape marijuana legalization |author=Wallach, P.; Rauch, J. |publisher=The Brookings Institution |pages=22 |date=June 2016}} | * {{cite web |url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/bootleggers.pdf |format=PDF |title=Bootleggers, Baptists, bureaucrats, and bongs: How special interests will shape marijuana legalization |author=Wallach, P.; Rauch, J. |publisher=The Brookings Institution |pages=22 |date=June 2016}} | ||
===Reference material=== | ===Reference material=== | ||
* {{cite journal |title=Phytochemistry of ''Cannabis sativa'' L. |journal=Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products |author=ElSohly, M.A.; Radwan, M.M.; Gul, W. et al. |volume=103 |pages=1–36 |year=2017 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_1 |pmid=28120229}} | |||
* {{cite web |url=http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/reports/2017/health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids.aspx |title=The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research |author=National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |publisher=The National Academies Press |pages=440 |doi=10.17226/24625 |date=12 January 2017}} | |||
* {{cite web |url=http://www.ncsl.org/bookstore/state-legislatures-magazine/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx |title=Marijuana Deep Dive |author=National Conference of State Legislatures |date=2016}} | * {{cite web |url=http://www.ncsl.org/bookstore/state-legislatures-magazine/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx |title=Marijuana Deep Dive |author=National Conference of State Legislatures |date=2016}} | ||
| Line 38: | Line 45: | ||
====Law and regulation==== | ====Law and regulation==== | ||
* {{cite web |url=http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881 |title= | * {{cite web |url=http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881 |title=33 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC: Laws, Fees, and Possession Limits |work=ProCon.org |date=13 November 2018}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/home-cannabis-cultivation-laws-a-state-by-state-guide |title=Home Cannabis Cultivation Laws: A State-by-State Guide |work=Leafly - Cannabis 101 |publisher=Leafly Holdings, Inc}} | * {{cite web |url=https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/home-cannabis-cultivation-laws-a-state-by-state-guide |title=Home Cannabis Cultivation Laws: A State-by-State Guide |work=Leafly - Cannabis 101 |publisher=Leafly Holdings, Inc |date=29 September 2017}} | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://smallbusiness.findlaw.com/business-laws-and-regulations/marijuana-business-licenses-permits-and-planning.html |title=Marijuana Business: Licenses, Permits, and Planning |work=FindLaw |publisher=Thomson Reuters}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx |title=State Medical Marijuana Laws |author=National Conference of State Legislatures |date= | * {{cite web |url=http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx |title=State Medical Marijuana Laws |author=National Conference of State Legislatures |date=08 November 2018}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.leafly.com/news/industry/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations |title=Leafly’s State-by-State Guide to | * {{cite web |url=https://www.leafly.com/news/industry/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations |title=Leafly’s State-by-State Guide to Cannabis Testing Regulations |author=Rough, Lisa |work=Leafly - Industry |publisher=Leafly Holdings, Inc |date=24 August 2017}} | ||
====Publications and blogs==== | ====Publications and blogs==== | ||
* ''[http:// | * ''[http://home.liebertpub.com/publications/cannabis-and-cannabinoid-research/633/ Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research]'' | ||
* ''[https://www.cannabisindustryjournal.com/ Cannabis Industry Journal]'' | * ''[https://www.cannabisbusinessexecutive.com/ Cannabis Business Executive]'' | ||
* ''[http://mjbizdaily.com/ Marijuana Business Daily]'' | * ''[https://cannabisindustryjournal.com/ Cannabis Industry Journal]'' | ||
* ''[http://www.cannabissciencetech.com/ Cannabis Science and Technology]'' | |||
* ''[http://cannabisscienceblog.com/ Cannabis Science Blog]'' | |||
* ''[https://mjbizdaily.com/ Marijuana Business Daily]'' | |||
* ''[https://www.medicaljane.com/ MedicalJane]'' | * ''[https://www.medicaljane.com/ MedicalJane]'' | ||
* ''[ | * ''[https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v525/n7570_supp/index.html Nature Outlook: Cannabis]'' | ||
* ''[ | * ''[https://beyondthc.com/ O’Shaughnessy’s]'' | ||
* ''[http://terpenesandtesting.com/ Terpenes and Testing Magazine]'' | * ''[http://terpenesandtesting.com/ Terpenes and Testing Magazine]'' | ||
* ''[ | * ''[https://www.thompsoncoburn.com/insights/blogs/tracking-cannabis Tracking Cannabis]'' - Thomas Coburn LLP | ||
====Standards and guidance==== | ====Standards and guidance==== | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/D37.htm |title=Committee D37 on Cannabis | * {{cite web |url=https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/D37.htm |title=Committee D37 on Cannabis |publisher=ASTM International}} (See each [https://www.astm.org/COMMIT/SUBCOMMIT/D37.htm sub-committee] for proposed and approved standards) | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/ucm2006955.htm |title=Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM) |publisher=United States Food and Drug Administration |date=19 September 2018}} | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/methods/rammethods/web/html/ram12b.html |title=Residue Analytical Methods (RAM) |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |date=20 February 2016}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=https:// | * {{cite web |url=https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/11/pu/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf |format=PDF |title=Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries |author=Bureau of Health Care Safety and Quality |publisher=Massachusetts Department of Public Health |pages=25 |date=05 February 2016}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=http://www. | * {{cite web |url=http://www.ahpa.org/Portals/0/pdfs/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf |format=PDF |title=Recommendations for Regulators – Cannabis Operations |author=Cannabis Committee, AHPA |publisher=American Herbal Products Association |date=05 February 2016}} | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/foodscienceresearch/laboratorymethods/ucm377005.pdf |format=PDF |title=Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, and Other Elements in Food Using Microwave Assisted Digestion |publisher=United States Food and Drug Administration |author=Gray, P.J.; Mindak, W.R.; Cheng, J. |date=March 2015}} | ||
* {{cite book |url=http://www.herbal-ahp.org/order_online.htm |title=''Cannabis Inflorescence'': ''Cannabis'' spp. |publisher=American Herbal Pharmacopoeia |editor=Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al. |year=2014 |isbn=1929425333}} | * {{cite book |url=http://www.herbal-ahp.org/order_online.htm |title=''Cannabis Inflorescence'': ''Cannabis'' spp. |publisher=American Herbal Pharmacopoeia |editor=Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al. |year=2014 |isbn=1929425333}} | ||
| Line 80: | Line 89: | ||
====Accreditation and certification==== | ====Accreditation and certification==== | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://safeaccess2.org/patientfocusedcertification// |title=Patient Focused Certification |author=Americans for Safe Access Foundation}} | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://www.certified-kind.com/ |title=Certified Kind: Certification for Responsibly Grown Cannabis |author=Certified Kind, LLC}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cleangreencert.org/ |title=Clean Green Certified |author=Clean Green Certified}} | * {{cite web |url=https://www.cleangreencert.org/ |title=Clean Green Certified |author=Clean Green Certified}} | ||
| Line 93: | Line 102: | ||
====Testing==== | ====Testing==== | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.a2la.org/ | * {{cite web |url=https://www.a2la.org/accreditation/cannabis-testing |title=Cannabis Testing Laboratory Accreditation Program |author=American Association of Laboratory Accreditation}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.aphl.org/programs/environmental_health/Pages/Cannabis-Testing.aspx |title=Cannabis Testing |author=Association of Public Health Laboratories |date=2018}} | |||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf |format=PDF |title=Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs |author=Association of Public Health Laboratories |pages=35 |date=May 2016}} | * {{cite web |url=https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf |format=PDF |title=Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs |author=Association of Public Health Laboratories |pages=35 |date=May 2016}} | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://lcb.wa.gov/publications/Marijuana/BOTEC%20reports/1a-Testing-for-Contaminants-Final-Revised.pdf |format=PDF |title=Testing ''Cannabis'' for Contaminants |author=Daley, P.; Lampach, D.; Sguerra, S. |publisher=BOTEC Analysis Corp |date=12 September 2013}} | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/ST-NAR-40-Ebook_1.pdf |format=PDF |title=Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of cannabis and cannabis products |author=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |date=September 2009}} (Note year; still provides historical perspective) | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/STNAR48_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_ENG.pdf |format=PDF |title=Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in seized materials |author=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |date=June 2013}} | * {{cite web |url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/STNAR48_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_ENG.pdf |format=PDF |title=Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in seized materials |author=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |date=June 2013}} | ||
'''New York State Department of Health''': | '''New York State Department of Health''': | ||
| Line 112: | Line 124: | ||
* For all other methods documents, see [https://www.wadsworth.org/regulatory/elap/medical-marijuana https://www.wadsworth.org/regulatory/elap/medical-marijuana]. | * For all other methods documents, see [https://www.wadsworth.org/regulatory/elap/medical-marijuana https://www.wadsworth.org/regulatory/elap/medical-marijuana]. | ||
===Scientific conferences and trade shows=== | ===Scientific conferences and trade shows=== | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://cannabis-marijuana.neurologyconference.com/ |title=Cannabis and Medicinal Research Conference |publisher=Conference Series, LLC}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=http://www.cannabisbusinesssummit.com | * {{cite web |url=http://www.cannabisbusinesssummit.com/ |title=Cannabis Business Summit and Expo |publisher=National Cannabis Industry Association}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cannabisscienceconference.com/ |title=Cannabis Science Conference |publisher=jCanna, Inc}} | * {{cite web |url=https://www.cannabisscienceconference.com/ |title=Cannabis Science Conference |publisher=jCanna, Inc}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://terpenesandtesting.com/conference-2019/ |title=Concentration 2019: A Cannabis Extraction Conference |publisher=Terpenes and Testing Magazine}} | |||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.canna-tech.co/ |title=CannaTech |publisher=iCAN Israel Cannabis}} | * {{cite web |url=https://www.canna-tech.co/ |title=CannaTech |publisher=iCAN Israel Cannabis}} | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://cannx.org/ |title=CannX |publisher=Paragon Israel}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.theemeraldconference.com/ |title=Emerald Conference |publisher=Emerald Scientific, LLC}} | |||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.csupueblo.edu/institute-of-cannabis-research | * {{cite web |url=https://www.csupueblo.edu/institute-of-cannabis-research/ |title=Institute of Cannabis Research Conference |publisher=Colorado State University - Pueblo}} | ||
* {{cite web |url= | * {{cite web |url=https://internationalcbc.com/ |title=International Cannabis Business Conference |publisher=International Conferences Group, LLC}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://mjbizconference.com/ |title=Marijuana Business Conference & Expo |publisher=Anne Holland Ventures, Inc}} | * {{cite web |url=https://mjbizconference.com/ |title=Marijuana Business Conference & Expo |publisher=Anne Holland Ventures, Inc}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=http://patientsoutoftime.org | * {{cite web |url=http://patientsoutoftime.org/ |title=National Clinical Conference on Cannabis Therapeutics |publisher=Patients Out of Time}} | ||
* {{cite web |url=https://www.compassionatecertificationcenters.com/2019-world-medical-cannabis-conference-expo/ |title=World Medical Cannabis Conference & Expo |publisher=Present Syndikos LLC}} | |||
===Associations, organizations, and interest groups=== | ===Associations, organizations, and interest groups=== | ||
* [ | * [https://www.agriculturalgenomics.org/ Agricultural Genomics Foundation] | ||
* [ | * [https://cannabisnurses.org/ American Cannabis Nurses Association] | ||
* [http://dchas.org/cann/ American Chemical Society, Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision] | * [http://dchas.org/cann/ American Chemical Society, Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision] | ||
* [http://www.ahpa.org/ American Herbal Products Association] | |||
* [https://ammpa.net/ American Medical Marijuana Physicians Association] | |||
* [https://www.aocs.org/ American Oil Chemists Society] | * [https://www.aocs.org/ American Oil Chemists Society] | ||
* [ | * [https://atach.org/ American Trade Association for Cannabis & Hemp] | ||
* [https://www.safeaccessnow.org/ Americans for Safe Access] | |||
* [https://www.cannabis-specialists.org/ Association of Cannabis Specialists] | |||
* [http://www.cacannabislabs.com/ Association of Commercial Cannabis Laboratories] | * [http://www.cacannabislabs.com/ Association of Commercial Cannabis Laboratories] | ||
* [ | * [https://cannabis-council.ca/ Cannabis Council of Canada] | ||
* [http://www.chascience.com/ Cannabis Horticultural Association] | * [http://www.chascience.com/ Cannabis Horticultural Association] | ||
* [http://cannabissafetyinstitute.org/ Cannabis Safety Institute] | * [http://cannabissafetyinstitute.org/ Cannabis Safety Institute] | ||
* [https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/organization/workgroups-interest-groups-consortia/cannabis-science-interest-csi-group Cannabis Science Interest (CSI) Group], part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse | * [https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/organization/workgroups-interest-groups-consortia/cannabis-science-interest-csi-group Cannabis Science Interest (CSI) Group], part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse | ||
* [https://www.cannabistradefederation.com/ Cannabis Trade Federation] | |||
* [http://cannabisandsocialpolicy.org/ Center for the Study of Cannabis and Social Policy] | * [http://cannabisandsocialpolicy.org/ Center for the Study of Cannabis and Social Policy] | ||
* [ | * [https://dfcr.org/ Doctors for Cannabis Regulation] | ||
* [https://www.focusstandards.org/ Foundation of Cannabis Unified Standards] | |||
* [ | * [https://thehia.org/ Hemp Industries Association] | ||
* [https:// | * [https://herogrown.org/ HeroGrown] | ||
* [https://www.cannabis-med.org/ International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines] | * [https://www.cannabis-med.org/ International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines] | ||
* [http://icrs.co/ International Cannabinoid Research Society] | * [http://icrs.co/ International Cannabinoid Research Society] | ||
* [https://icci.science/en International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute] | * [https://www.icci.science/en International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute] | ||
* [ | * [https://medicalcannabissociety.org/ Medical Cannabis Society] | ||
* [ | * [https://minoritycannabis.org/ Minority Cannabis Business Association] | ||
* [ | * [https://maps.org/ Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies] | ||
* [ | * [https://www.nacb.com/ National Association of Cannabis Businesses] | ||
* [ | * [https://www.canbar.org/ National Cannabis Bar Association] | ||
* [https://thecannabisindustry.org/ National Cannabis Industry Association] | |||
* [https://nationalhempassociation.org/ National Hemp Association] | |||
* [https://norml.org/ NORML] | |||
* [http://patientsoutoftime.org/ Patients Out of Time] | * [http://patientsoutoftime.org/ Patients Out of Time] | ||
* [https://www.projectcbd.org/ Project CBD] | * [https://www.projectcbd.org/ Project CBD] | ||
* [https://learnaboutsam.org/ Smart Approaches to Marijuana] | * [https://learnaboutsam.org/ Smart Approaches to Marijuana] | ||
* [http://cannabisclinicians.org/ Society of Cannabis Clinicians] | * [http://www.cannabisclinicians.org/ Society of Cannabis Clinicians] | ||
* [https://themedicalcannabisinstitute.org/ The Medical Cannabis Institute] | * [https://themedicalcannabisinstitute.org/ The Medical Cannabis Institute] | ||
* [ | * [https://www.vetscp.org/ Veterans Cannabis Project] | ||
* [ | * [https://womengrow.com/ Women Grow] | ||
====Regional==== | |||
* [https://www.alaskamarijuanaindustry.org/ Alaska Marijuana Industry Association] | |||
* [http://azmca.wpengine.com/ Arizona Medical Cannabis Association] | |||
* [https://arcannabis.org/ Arkansas Cannabis Industry Association] | |||
* [https://www.armedicalmarijuana.org/ Arkansas Medical Marijuana Association] | |||
* [https://www.cacannabisindustry.org/ California Cannabis Industry Association] | |||
* [http://www.cocannabischamber.com/ Colorado Cannabis Chamber of Commerce] | |||
* [http://coleads.org/ Colorado Leads] | |||
* [http://delawarecannabis.org/ Delaware Cannabis Advocacy Network] | |||
* [http://www.floridaforcare.org/ Florida for Care] | |||
* [http://fmcia.org/ Florida Medical Cannabis Industry Association] | |||
* [http://hawaiidispensaryalliance.org/ Hawaiʻi Dispensary Alliance] | |||
* [https://lvmma.org/ Las Vegas Medical Marijuana Association] (Nevada) | |||
* [http://marijuanaindustrygroup.org/ Marijuana Industry Group] (Colorado) | |||
* [http://mita-az.org/ Marijuana Industry Trade Association ] (Arizona) | |||
* [https://www.mdmda.org/ Maryland Medical Dispensary Association] | |||
* [http://www.canmd.org/ Maryland Wholesale Medical Cannabis Trade Association] | |||
* [http://www.baystatecannabisgrowers.com/ Massachusetts Medical Marijuana Dispensers' Association] | |||
* [http://www.mca-il.com/ Medical Cannabis Alliance of Illinois] | |||
* [http://mcchi.org/ Medical Cannabis Coalition of Hawaii] | |||
* [http://mmcm-online.org/ Medical Marijuana Caregivers of Maine] | |||
* [https://www.michiganmedicalmarijuana.org/ Michigan Medical Marijuana Association] | |||
* [https://www.mtcia.org/ Montana Cannabis Industry Association] | |||
* [http://nciaohio.org/ National Cannabis Industry Association of Ohio] | |||
* [http://www.nvdispense.com/ Nevada Dispensary Association] | |||
* [https://newjerseycia.org/ New Jersey Cannabis Industry Association] | |||
* [http://ohiocannabisassociation.com/ Ohio Cannabis Association] | |||
* [http://orcannabisassociation.org/ Oregon Cannabis Association] | |||
* [https://oregoncbc.com/ Oregon Cannabis Business Council] | |||
* [https://www.texascannabisindustry.org/ Texas Cannabis Industry Association] | |||
* [https://www.wacannabusiness.org/ Washington CannabBusiness Association] | |||
* [http://www.cannabisregulatory.org/ Washington Cannabis Laboratory Association] | |||
* [http://www.washingtonsungrowers.org/ Washington Sungrowers Industry Association] | |||
===Testing labs and pricing info=== | ===Testing labs and pricing info=== | ||
| Line 181: | Line 236: | ||
* [http://www.canntest.com/ Canntest] ($70–$230, single and package tests) | * [http://www.canntest.com/ Canntest] ($70–$230, single and package tests) | ||
* [ | * [https://thenewfrontierresearch.com/ The New Frontier Research] (Pricing not public) | ||
'''Arizona''': | '''Arizona''': | ||
* [ | * [https://arizonaanalytical.com/ Arizona Analytical] ($10–$40/test type) | ||
* [http://www.c4lab.com/ C4 Laboratories] ( | * [http://www.c4lab.com/ C4 Laboratories] ($40–125/test type) | ||
* [http://www.deltaverdelaboratory.com/ Delta Verde Laboratory] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.deltaverdelaboratory.com/ Delta Verde Laboratory] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://desertvalleytesting.com/ Desert Valley Testing] ($15–$ | * [http://desertvalleytesting.com/ Desert Valley Testing] ($15–$750, single and package tests) | ||
* [https://kblabsaz.com/ Kanna-Bosm Labs] (Local and mobile testing; pricing not public) | |||
'''Arkansas''': | '''Arkansas''': | ||
* | * [http://www.marygoldlab.com/ Marygold Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/arkansas Steep Hill Arkansas] (Pricing not public) | |||
| Line 200: | Line 257: | ||
* [http://anresco.com/ Anresco Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | * [http://anresco.com/ Anresco Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://www.belcostalabs.com/ BelCosta Labs] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [http://budgenius.com Bud Genius] ($50/sample) | * [http://budgenius.com Bud Genius] ($50/sample) | ||
* [https://www.cannalysislabs.com/ Cannalysis] (Pricing not public) | * [https://www.cannalysislabs.com/ Cannalysis] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.csalabs.com/ Cannasafe Analytics] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://coastalanalytical.com/ Coastal Analytical] ($ | * [https://www.cascadia-labs.com/ Cascadia Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://coastalanalytical.com/ Coastal Analytical] ($99–$3500, single and package tests) | ||
* [https://www.cblabstesting.com/ CB Labs] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [http://www.cwanalytical.com/ CW Analytical] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.cwanalytical.com/ CW Analytical] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://deibelcannabislabs.com/ Deibel Cannabis Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [http://www.eviolabs.com/ EVIO Labs] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.eviolabs.com/ EVIO Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://www. | * [https://www.flowerpottesting.com/ Flower Potency Testing] ($65–$620, single and package tests) | ||
* [http:// | * [http://harrenslab.com/ Harrens Lab] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http:// | * [https://www.hqal.org/ Humboldt Quality Assurance Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http:// | * [http://infinitecal.com/ Infinite Chemical Analysis Labs] ($65–$90+/test) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.chemistryofcannabis.com/ KS Labs] ($20–$200/test; also offers consulting) | ||
* [http://mersolabs.com/ Merso Labs] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [https://paclabanalytics.com/ PacLab Analytics] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [https://www.pharmlabscannabistesting.com/ PharmLabs] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [http://pureanalytics.net/ Pure Analytics] (Pricing not public) | * [http://pureanalytics.net/ Pure Analytics] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.sclabs.com/ SC Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://www.sequoia-labs.com Sequoia Analytical Labs] (Pricing not public) | * [https://www.sequoia-labs.com/ Sequoia Analytical Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.steephill.com/locations/california Steep Hill California] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://thewercshop.com/ The Werc Shop] (Pricing not public) | ||
'''Colorado''': | '''Colorado''': | ||
* [http://agrisciencelabs.com/ AgriScience Labs] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [http://agricorlabs.com/ Agricor Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | * [http://agricorlabs.com/ Agricor Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://www.aurum-labs.com/ Aurum Labs] ( | * [https://www.aurum-labs.com/ Aurum Labs] ($36–$120/test type) | ||
* [http://bonafideslab.com/ Bonafides Laboratory] (Pricing not public) | * [http://bonafideslab.com/ Bonafides Laboratory] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://www. | * [http://www.botanacor.com/ Botanacor] (Hemp testing; pricing not public) | ||
* [http://gobianalytical.net/ Gobi Labs] ( | * [http://gobianalytical.net/ Gobi Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://greenlabsolutionscompany.com/ Green Lab Solutions Company] (Pricing not public) | * [https://greenlabsolutionscompany.wordpress.com/ Green Lab Solutions Company] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://greenhilllab.com/ GreenHill Laboratories] ( | * [http://greenhilllab.com/ GreenHill Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://www.nordicanalytic.com Nordic Analytical Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.nordicanalytic.com Nordic Analytical Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://phytatech.com/ PhytaTech CO] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://www.rm3.us/ Rm3 Labs] ($35–$ | * [http://www.rm3.us/ Rm3 Labs] ($35–$250, single and package tests) | ||
* [http://www.teqanalyticallabs.com/ TEQ Analytical Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.teqanalyticallabs.com/ TEQ Analytical Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://goodlabcolorado.com/ The Good Lab] (Pricing not public) | * [https://goodlabcolorado.com/ The Good Lab] (Pricing not public) | ||
| Line 248: | Line 311: | ||
'''District of Columbia''': | '''District of Columbia''': | ||
* Steep Hill | * [http://centrallab420.com/ Central Lab 420] ($100/test) | ||
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/washington-dc Steep Hill DC] (Pricing not public) | |||
'''Florida''': | '''Florida''': | ||
* | * [http://cann-a-lab.com/ Cann-A-Lab] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://www.marijinc.com/ MariJ Pharmaceuticals | * [http://eviolabs.com EVIO Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://www.marijinc.com/ MariJ Pharmaceuticals] (Mobile lab; pricing not public) | |||
* [http://www.moderncanna.com/ Modern Canna Science (MCS)] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.moderncanna.com/ Modern Canna Science (MCS)] (Pricing not public) | ||
| Line 260: | Line 325: | ||
'''Hawaii''': | '''Hawaii''': | ||
* [ | * [https://www.aeoslabs.com/ Aeos Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.pharmlabscannabistesting.com/ PharmLabs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.steephill.com/locations/hawaii Steep Hill Hawaii] (Pricing not public) | ||
'''Illinois''': | '''Illinois''': | ||
* [ | * [https://www.actlaboratoriesinc.com/ ACT Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://www.gracelabinc.com/ Grace Analytical Laboratory, Inc.] ([https://www.agr.state.il.us/medical-cannabis-pilot-program/ Approved by state], but not advertised on website) | * [http://www.gracelabinc.com/ Grace Analytical Laboratory, Inc.] ([https://www.agr.state.il.us/medical-cannabis-pilot-program/ Approved by state], but not advertised on website) | ||
* [http://www.lkpurelabs.com/ LK Pure Labs] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.lkpurelabs.com/ LK Pure Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
'''Louisiana''': | |||
* Due to an absence of independent testing labs, the Louisiana Department of Agriculture is testing, as of October 2018<ref name="KarlinLouisiana18">{{cite web |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/business/article_b05f7ca4-d6fe-11e8-b997-8ff7036b6c47.html |title=Louisiana medical marijuana delayed after state forced to do product testing, company says |author=Karlin, S. |work=The Advocate |date=23 October 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref> | |||
| Line 275: | Line 345: | ||
* [http://www.proverdelabs.com/ ProVerde Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.proverdelabs.com/ ProVerde Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.sensiblemaine.com/ Sensible] ($17–$65/sample) | ||
* [https://www.testedlabs.com/ Tested Labs] ($15–300/sample) | |||
* [http://www.themainelab.com/ The Maine Lab] (Extraction services only) | |||
'''Maryland''': | '''Maryland''': | ||
* [http://steephill.com/maryland Steep Hill Maryland] (Pricing not public | * [http://www.adventlaboratories.com/ Advent Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://atlantictestlabs.com/ Atlantic Test Labs] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [https://pinnaclectlabs.com/ Pinnacle CT] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [https://www.quales.us/ Quales] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/maryland Steep Hill Maryland] (Pricing not public) | |||
'''Massachusetts''': | '''Massachusetts''': | ||
* [http://mcrlabs.com/ MCR Labs] ( | * [https://cdxanalytics.com/ CDX Analytics] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://eviolabs.com EVIO Labs] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [https://mcrlabs.com/ MCR Labs] ($50–100/sample) | |||
* [http://www.proverdelabs.com/ ProVerde Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.proverdelabs.com/ ProVerde Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
| Line 291: | Line 369: | ||
'''Michigan''': | '''Michigan''': | ||
* [ | * [https://www.actlaboratoriesinc.com/ ACT Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://www.ironlaboratories.com/ Iron Laboratories] ($40–$475, single and package tests w/o membership; cheaper with) | |||
* [https://www.ironlaboratories.com/ Iron Laboratories] ($40–$ | * [https://www.psilabs.org/ PSI Labs] ($35–$85, single and package tests) | ||
* [http://www.steadfastlab.com/ Steadfast] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [https://www.psilabs.org/ PSI Labs] ($ | * [https://hitthespott.com/ The Spott] ($40–$90/test w/o membership; cheaper with, and can access package test prices) | ||
* [http://www.steadfastlab.com/ Steadfast] ( | |||
* [ | |||
'''Minnesota''': | '''Minnesota''': | ||
* Not clear; independent labs must be approved by Commissioner of Health.<ref name="KlarqvistMinnesota16">{{cite web |url=http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hrd/pubs/MCTRA.pdf |format=PDF |title=Minnesota’s Medical Cannabis Therapeutic Research Act |author=Klarqvist, E. |publisher=Minnesota House of Representatives |date=August 2016 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref> Two | * Not clear; independent labs must be approved by Commissioner of Health.<ref name="KlarqvistMinnesota16">{{cite web |url=http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hrd/pubs/MCTRA.pdf |format=PDF |title=Minnesota’s Medical Cannabis Therapeutic Research Act |author=Klarqvist, E. |publisher=Minnesota House of Representatives |date=August 2016 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref> Two labs—Aspen Research and Legend Technical Services—were approved to do testing in 2015, but neither lists those services on their website.<ref name="MDHPublic16">{{cite web |url=https://www.leg.state.mn.us/docs/2016/other/160894.pdf |format=PDF |title=Public Health Laboratory Annual Report: Fiscal Year 2015 |publisher=Minnesota Department of Health Public Health Laboratory |date=2016 |accessdate=14 March 2017}}</ref> | ||
'''Missouri''': | |||
* Medical marijuana passed in November 2018; Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services needs to develop testing rules<ref name="MarsoMedical18">{{cite web |url=https://www.kansascity.com/living/health-fitness/article221302705.html |title=Medical marijuana in Missouri: When—and if—you can get it |author=Marso, A. |work=The Kansas City Star |date=16 November 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref> | |||
'''Montana''': | '''Montana''': | ||
* [ | * [https://www.buboanalytics.com/ Bubo Analytics] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://cannabanalysis.com/ Cannabanalysis Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | * [http://cannabanalysis.com/ Cannabanalysis Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://clearbrewtech.com/ Clear Brew Technologies and Lab Services] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [http://fidimt.com/ Fidelity Diagnostics] (Pricing not public) | * [http://fidimt.com/ Fidelity Diagnostics] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://montanabiotech.com/ Montana BioTech] (From $60) | * [https://montanabiotech.com/ Montana BioTech] (From $60) | ||
* [http://stwlabs.com/ Stillwater Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | |||
| Line 318: | Line 399: | ||
* [http://www.374labs.com/ 374 Labs] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.374labs.com/ 374 Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://certifiedaglab.com/ Certified AgLab] (Pricing not public) | * [http://certifiedaglab.com/ Certified AgLab] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://dblabslv.com/ DB Labs] (Pricing not public) | * [http://dblabslv.com/ DB Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://digipath.com/ Digipath] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://g3labsllc.com/ G3 Labs] (Pricing not public) | * [http://g3labsllc.com/ G3 Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://mmlabtesting.com/ MM Lab] (Pricing not public) | * [http://mmlabtesting.com/ MM Lab] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https | * [https://www.nvcann.com/ NV Cann Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://www.rsrlabs.com/ RSR Analytical Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.rsrlabs.com/ RSR Analytical Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
'''New Hampshire''': | '''New Hampshire''': | ||
* The state mandates testing, but it's not clear which independent laboratories are approved to do so. | * The state mandates testing, but it's not clear which independent laboratories are approved to do so. Alternative treatment centers may be responsible for own testing. | ||
'''New Jersey''': | '''New Jersey''': | ||
* Cannabis testing is performed by the Department of Health and Senior Services.<ref name="HSS_NJAC8-64">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/health/medicalmarijuana/documents/final_rules.pdf |format=PDF |title=Medicinal Marijuana Program Rules |publisher=New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services |date=23 November 2011 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref> | * Cannabis testing is mostly performed by the Department of Health and Senior Services.<ref name="HSS_NJAC8-64">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/health/medicalmarijuana/documents/final_rules.pdf |format=PDF |title=Medicinal Marijuana Program Rules |publisher=New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services |date=23 November 2011 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref> | ||
* [https://cannalyticsrc.com/ Cannalytics Research Center] (Pricing not public) | |||
'''New Mexico''': | '''New Mexico''': | ||
* | * Scepter Lab (No website) | ||
* [ | * Scientific Base Solutions (No website) | ||
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/new-mexico Steep Hill New Mexico] (Pricing not public) | |||
| Line 350: | Line 430: | ||
* "The Department's Wadsworth Center Laboratory will perform initial testing and analysis of final medical marijuana products until independent laboratories receive certification from the New York State Environmental Laboratory Approval Program (ELAP)."<ref name="NYSFAQ">{{cite web |url=https://www.health.ny.gov/regulations/medical_marijuana/faq.htm |title=Frequently Asked Questions |work=New York State Medical Marijuana Program |publisher=New York State Department of Health |date=March 2016 |accessdate=24 February 2017}}</ref> | * "The Department's Wadsworth Center Laboratory will perform initial testing and analysis of final medical marijuana products until independent laboratories receive certification from the New York State Environmental Laboratory Approval Program (ELAP)."<ref name="NYSFAQ">{{cite web |url=https://www.health.ny.gov/regulations/medical_marijuana/faq.htm |title=Frequently Asked Questions |work=New York State Medical Marijuana Program |publisher=New York State Department of Health |date=March 2016 |accessdate=24 February 2017}}</ref> | ||
'''North Carolina''': | |||
* [https://www.avazyme.com/industrialhemptestinglaboratory/ Avazyme] (Industrial hemp testing; pricing not public) | |||
'''North Dakota''': | '''North Dakota''': | ||
* The state mandates that its compassion centers must test cannabis in-house or have it done by a contracted facility | * The state mandates that its compassion centers must test cannabis in-house or have it done by a contracted facility.<ref name="NDPetitionMMJ">{{cite web |url=https://vip.sos.nd.gov/pdfs/Measures%20Info/2016%20General/Measure%205.pdf |format=PDF |title=Initiated Constitutional Amendment No. 5 |publisher=North Dakota Secretary of State |date=2016 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref> | ||
* [http://www.keystonestatetesting.com/ Keystone State Testing, DBA Dakota State Testing] (Selected by ND for testing in May 2018<ref name="APNorth18">{{cite web |url=https://www.apnews.com/397eab5555e84454af2833c2763ba481 |title=North Dakota chooses medical marijuana laboratory company |work=The Associated Press |date=21 May 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>) | |||
'''Ohio''': | '''Ohio''': | ||
* | * [https://www.actlaboratoriesinc.com/ ACT Laboratories] (Up and running by April 2019<ref name="ProvanceToledo18">{{cite web |url=https://www.toledoblade.com/local/2018/09/21/Toledo-lab-picked-for-medical-marijuana-testing-ACT-Laboratories-of-Ohio/stories/20180921147 |title=Toledo lab licensed for medical marijuana testing |author=Provance, J. |work=The Blade |date=21 September 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>) | ||
* [https://www.battelle.org/government-offerings/health/public-health/battelle-public-health-center-for-substance-use-research/marijuana-research Battelle Memorial Institute] (Up and running by April 2019<ref name="ProvanceToledo18" />) | |||
* [https://www.northcoasttestinglabs.com/ North Coast Testing Laboratories, LLC] (Up and running by April 2019<ref name="ProvanceToledo18" />) | |||
'''Oklahoma''': | |||
* As of October 2018, testing standards and licensing is still being discussed.<ref name="ZhengOklahoma18">{{cite web |url=https://kfor.com/2018/10/10/lawmakers-approve-recommendations-for-medical-marijuana-testing-standards/ |title=Oklahoma lawmakers approve recommendations for medical marijuana testing standards |author=Zheng, L. |work=Oklahoma's News 4 |date=10 October 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref> | |||
'''Oregon''' | '''Oregon''' | ||
* | * [https://www.3banalytical.com/ 3B Analytical] ($35–$325 for basic testing, single and package tests; control studies also available) | ||
* [ | * [http://anovalab.net/ Anova Laboratory] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://www.cascadia-labs.com/ Cascadia Labs] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [https://chemhistory.com/ ChemHistory] (Pricing not public) | * [https://chemhistory.com/ ChemHistory] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.cslaboratories.com/ CS Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http:// | * [http://eviolabs.com/ EVIO Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://greenleaflab.org/ Green Leaf Lab] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://www.ironlaboratories.com/ Iron Laboratories] ($ | * [https://www.ironlaboratories.com/ Iron Laboratories] ($40–$475, single and package tests w/o membership; cheaper with) | ||
* [http://www.juniperanalyticsllc.com/ Juniper Analytics] ($50–$ | * [http://www.juniperanalyticsllc.com/ Juniper Analytics] ($50–$500, single and package tests) | ||
* [https://lightscale.com/ Lightscale Labs] ( | * [https://lightscale.com/ Lightscale Labs] ($20–$300, single and package tests) | ||
* [ | * [https://mwlabs.herokuapp.com/ MW Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://paclabanalytics.com/ PacLab Analytics] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://phylos.bio/ Phylos Bioscience] ($60–$295; sexing and genotyping only) | ||
* [ | * [https://preelab.com/ PREE Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://pixislabs.com/ Pixis Labs] ( | * [http://pixislabs.com/ Pixis Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://www.rosecitylabs.com Rose City Laboratories] ($25–$ | * [https://thereferencelabs.com/ Reference Labs] ($10–$350, single and package tests) | ||
* [ | * [http://www.rosecitylabs.com/ Rose City Laboratories] ($25–$350, single and package tests) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.sclabs.com/ SC Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/oregon Steep Hill Oregon] (Working on ORELAP and OLCC accreditation as of November 2018; pricing not public) | |||
'''Pennsylvania''': | '''Pennsylvania''': | ||
* | * [https://www.actlaboratoriesinc.com/ ACT Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [http://www.keystonestatetesting.com/ Keystone State Testing] (Pricing not public) | |||
* [https://pcr-labs.com/ PCR Labs] ($50–$100/sample) | |||
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/pennsylvania Steep Hill Pennsylvania] (Pricing not public) | |||
'''Rhode Island''': | '''Rhode Island''': | ||
* | * Rhode Island Department of Health began taking applications for testing labs in September 2018.<ref name="BentleyRIDep18">{{cite web |url=https://patch.com/rhode-island/newport/ri-department-health-seeking-medical-marijuana-testing-labs |title=RI Department of Health Seeking Medical Marijuana Testing Labs |author=Bentley, J. |work=Patch - Newport |date=17 September 2018 |accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref> | ||
* [http://www.ecltesting.com/ East Coast | * [http://www.ecltesting.com/ East Coast Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
'''Utah''': | |||
* Medical marijuana passed in November 2018; the state is still working on laboratory testing terms<ref name="USLUtahMedical18">{{cite web |url=https://le.utah.gov/interim/2018/pdf/00004612.pdf |format=PDF |title=Utah Medical Cannabis Act Overview |author=Utah State Legislature |publisher=State of Utah |date=14 November 2018 |accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref> | |||
| Line 396: | Line 499: | ||
* The Department of Public Safety "may require laboratory testing of cannabis produced by a registered dispensary. The Department may specify the testing methodology. The registered dispensary shall bear the costs of any testing required by the Department."<ref name="DPSRulesReg15">{{cite web |url=http://vcic.vermont.gov/sites/vcic/files/files/marijuana-registry/MR-Rules-Regulating-Cannabis-for-Symptom-Relief.pdf |format=PDF |title=Rules Regulating Cannabis for Symptom Relief |publisher=Vermont Department of Public Safety |date=30 November 2015 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref> | * The Department of Public Safety "may require laboratory testing of cannabis produced by a registered dispensary. The Department may specify the testing methodology. The registered dispensary shall bear the costs of any testing required by the Department."<ref name="DPSRulesReg15">{{cite web |url=http://vcic.vermont.gov/sites/vcic/files/files/marijuana-registry/MR-Rules-Regulating-Cannabis-for-Symptom-Relief.pdf |format=PDF |title=Rules Regulating Cannabis for Symptom Relief |publisher=Vermont Department of Public Safety |date=30 November 2015 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref> | ||
* [http://www.cvdvt.org/ Champlain Valley Dispenary] (News article indicates may be accepting testing from non-patients; $75-$125/sample for potency<ref name="BairdTest18">{{cite web |url=https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2018/06/12/vermonters-can-legally-test-cannabis-potency/659507002/ |title=Test the potency of your VT homegrown marijuana |author=Baird, J.B. |work=Burlington Free Press |date=12 June 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>) | |||
* [https://www.nslvt.com/ Nutraceutical Science Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | |||
'''Washington''': | '''Washington''': | ||
* [ | * [https://analytical360.com/ Analytical 360] ($50–$125, single and package tests) | ||
* [http://www.anateklabs.com/ Anatek Labs] ( | * [http://www.anateklabs.com/ Anatek Labs] ($10–$120/test) | ||
* [http://www.cannalyticsqc.com/ Cannalytics QC] ($35–$70/test) | * [http://www.cannalyticsqc.com/ Cannalytics QC] ($35–$70/test) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.capitolanalysis.com/ Capitol Analysis] ($45–$80/test) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.conflabs.com/ Confidence Analytics] ($50–$150, single and package tests) | ||
* [http://www.dragonlaboratory.com/ Dragon Analytical Laboratory] ($ | * [http://www.dragonlaboratory.com/ Dragon Analytical Laboratory] ($20–$60/test) | ||
* [http://www.greengrowerlabs.com/ Green Grower Labs] (Pricing not public) | * [http://www.greengrowerlabs.com/ Green Grower Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://integritylabsolympia.com/ Integrity Labs] ($25–$360, single and package tests) | ||
* [https://www.medicinecreekanalytics.com/ Medicine Creek Analytics] ($25–$499, single and volume testing) | |||
* [ | * [https://peakanalyticslab.com/ Peak Analytics] ($50–$75/test) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.sclabs.com/ SC Labs] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.steephill.com/locations/washington Steep Hill Washington] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://thewercshop.com/ The Werc Shop] (Pricing not public) | ||
* [ | * [https://traceanalytics.com/ Trace Analytics] ($40–$350, single and package tests) | ||
* [ | |||
* [http://tnwlab.com/ True Northwest] (Pricing not public) | * [http://tnwlab.com/ True Northwest] (Pricing not public) | ||
'''West Virginia''': | |||
* Still working on developing its medical cannabis program.<ref name="BPHOffice">{{cite web |url=https://dhhr.wv.gov/bph/Pages/Medical-Cannabis-Program.aspx |title=Office of Medical Cannabis |work=Bureau for Public Health |publisher=State of West Virginia |accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref> Draft legislation says the Bureau for Public Health will be responsible for approving testing laboratories.<ref name="BPHTitle64_17">{{cite web |url=http://dhhr.wv.gov/bph/Documents/MedicalCannabis/Proposed%20Rules/Medical%20Cannabis%20Program%20-%20Laboratories%20-%2064%20CSR%20111%20v1.pdf |format=PDF |title=Title 64, Legislative Rule, Bureau for Public Health, Series 111, Medical Cannabis Program - Laboratories |author=Bureau for Public Health |publisher=State of West Virginia |date=14 December 2017 |accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref> | |||
'''Wisconsin''': | |||
* [https://acceleratedcannabistesting.com/ Accelerated Cannabis Laboratories] (Pricing not public) | |||
====Support services==== | ====Support services==== | ||
| Line 422: | Line 537: | ||
* [http://www.3ccannabis.com/ 3C Consulting] | * [http://www.3ccannabis.com/ 3C Consulting] | ||
* [http://www.americancannabisconsulting.com/ American Cannabis Company] | * [http://www.americancannabisconsulting.com/ American Cannabis Company] | ||
* [https://www.begreenlegal.com/ BeGreenLegal] | |||
* [http://c3analytical.com/ C3 Labs] | * [http://c3analytical.com/ C3 Labs] | ||
* [http://cannabisconsultantsfl.com/ Cannabis Business Services (of Florida)] | * [http://cannabisconsultantsfl.com/ Cannabis Business Services (of Florida)] | ||
| Line 427: | Line 543: | ||
* [http://michigan-marijuana-lawyer.com/ Cannabis Legal Group] | * [http://michigan-marijuana-lawyer.com/ Cannabis Legal Group] | ||
* [http://www.carbonblueconsulting.com/ Carbon Blue Consulting] | * [http://www.carbonblueconsulting.com/ Carbon Blue Consulting] | ||
* [https://www.evergreenlaw.co/ Evergreen Law] | |||
* [https://www.hypur.com/ Hypur] | * [https://www.hypur.com/ Hypur] | ||
* [http://www.phytoscienceinstitute.com/ Phytoscience Institute] | * [http://www.phytoscienceinstitute.com/ Phytoscience Institute] | ||
| Line 433: | Line 550: | ||
* [http://steephilllab.com/consulting/ Steep Hill Halent] | * [http://steephilllab.com/consulting/ Steep Hill Halent] | ||
* [http://www.vitalescientific.com/services/cannabis/ Vitale Scientific Associates] | * [http://www.vitalescientific.com/services/cannabis/ Vitale Scientific Associates] | ||
* [https://willowindustries.com/consulting/ Willow Industries] | |||
* [https:// | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 488: | Line 556: | ||
==Citation information for this chapter== | ==Citation information for this chapter== | ||
'''Chapters''': | '''Chapters''': 6. Final thoughts and 7. Resources | ||
'''Title''': ''Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States'' | '''Title''': ''Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States'' | ||
'''Edition''': Second edition | |||
'''Author for citation''': Shawn E. Douglas | '''Author for citation''': Shawn E. Douglas | ||
| Line 496: | Line 566: | ||
'''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International] | '''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International] | ||
'''Publication date''': | '''Publication date''': December 2018 | ||
<!--Place all category tags here--> | <!--Place all category tags here--> | ||
Revision as of 18:03, 6 December 2018
This last section of the guide provides closing thoughts to tie together what was previously discussed. It also provides a directory of cannabis testing, standards, etc. resources for readers wanting to learn more.
-----Return to the beginning of this guide-----
6. Final thoughts
This guide has attempted to provide insight into various aspects of the current status of laboratory testing of cannabis in the U.S. By extension, it has required a closer look at many non-testing or tangentially related aspects of cannabis, including history, regulations, standards, methods, equipment, and software. The guide has also attempted to look at the potential future of testing, a more difficult feat that has required inspection of—and speculation on—a mix of statistics and politics, as well as government and social policy and how they may all affect the future of cannabis testing. We learned that many point fingers at the U.S. federal government for being responsible for several cannabis-related issues, including lack of clear government support for cannabis research, lack of standardization of testing and analysis methods for said research, and wavering policy that remains inconsistent at best. At root is the fact that the federal government maintains cannabis (and its constituents) as a Schedule I drug, by extension declaring that it has no respectable medical use. This and related decisions have slowed down the academic study of cannabis (in the U.S.), including its analysis, quality testing, and research and use as a medical treatment. The development, implementation, and reassessment of cultivation and testing standards and methods have largely been piecemeal; additionally, those efforts have been enacted in an environment where, despite the legal status in a state, fear that the federal government will inevitably intervene slows progress even further.
Despite these barriers, the speed at which U.S. states have adopted some form of legalization of cannabis has pushed scientists and researchers to collaborate and improve standards and methods. Necessity continues to be the mother of invention, driving those in the industry to adapt or perish in a difficult, inconsistent market. State officials are teaming up at industry conferences and sharing ideas. Non-profit organizations are joining forces with major standards agencies to expand and improve good laboratory practices. Researchers—whether on their own or with the help of others internationally—are learning more about the various cannabinoids and their interaction with terpenes, driving new insight into potential therapeutic remedies. Overall public perception about marijuana consumption and use is gradually shifting towards a positive light, even when so little is still understood about the long-term ramifications of its use. Commercial interests are taking notice, and so are international treaty makers. All of this adds up to forward momentum in the cannabis industry, with warts and all.
Many factors will affect the future of cannabis regulation, testing, and research; in the process, we're certain to see both ups and downs as political and social climates continue to change. However, as marijuana consumption and hemp-based manufacturing methods continue to see expanded support, consumers and manufacturers, as well as all those involved in between, will always clamor for a safer product that is "as advertised." Laboratory analysis will play an important role in that effort, whether it's in the medical research lab, the quality control lab, or the manufacturer's lab. It will be imperative for all interested parties to further work together to ensure methods are sound and standardized in a realistic and beneficial way to ensure that in the end consumers will get the best possible product available.
7. Resources
Key reading
- Association of Public Health Laboratories (May 2016). "Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs" (PDF). pp. 35. https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf.
- Andre, C.M.; Hausman, J.-F.; Guerriero, G. (2016). "Cannabis sativa: The plant of the thousand and one molecules". Frontiers in Plant Medicine 7: 19. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00019. PMC PMC4740396. PMID 26870049. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4740396.
- Cassiday, L. (October 2016). "The Highs and Lows of Cannabis Testing". INFORM. American Oil Chemists' Society. https://www.aocs.org/stay-informed/read-inform/featured-articles/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016.
- Hudak, J.; Rauch, J. (June 2016). "Worry about bad marijuana — not Big Marijuana" (PDF). The Brookings Institution. pp. 18. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/big-marijuana-1.pdf.
- Piomelli, D.; Weiss, S.; Boyd, G. et al. (2018). "Cannabis and the Opioid Crisis". Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 3 (1): 108-16. doi:10.1089/can.2018.29011.rtl. PMC PMC5931647. PMID 29789812. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5931647.
- Wallach, P.; Rauch, J. (June 2016). "Bootleggers, Baptists, bureaucrats, and bongs: How special interests will shape marijuana legalization" (PDF). The Brookings Institution. pp. 22. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/bootleggers.pdf.
Reference material
- ElSohly, M.A.; Radwan, M.M.; Gul, W. et al. (2017). "Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa L.". Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 103: 1–36. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_1. PMID 28120229.
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (12 January 2017). "The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research". The National Academies Press. pp. 440. doi:10.17226/24625. http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/reports/2017/health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids.aspx.
- National Conference of State Legislatures (2016). "Marijuana Deep Dive". http://www.ncsl.org/bookstore/state-legislatures-magazine/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx.
- Office of National Drug Control Policy. "Marijuana Resource Center". Archived from the original on 17 January 2017. http://web.archive.org/web/20170117133745/https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/marijuanainfo.
- Thomas, B.F.; ElSohly, M.A. (2016). Thomas, B.F. ed. The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis. Elsevier. pp. 132. ISBN 9780128046708. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Hs5PCgAAQBAJ.
- World Health Organization (2016). Hall, W.; Renström, M.; Poznyak, V. ed. The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use. World Health Organization. pp. 95. ISBN 978921510240. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/cannabis/en/.
Law and regulation
- "33 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC: Laws, Fees, and Possession Limits". ProCon.org. 13 November 2018. http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881.
- "Home Cannabis Cultivation Laws: A State-by-State Guide". Leafly - Cannabis 101. Leafly Holdings, Inc. 29 September 2017. https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/home-cannabis-cultivation-laws-a-state-by-state-guide.
- "Marijuana Business: Licenses, Permits, and Planning". FindLaw. Thomson Reuters. https://smallbusiness.findlaw.com/business-laws-and-regulations/marijuana-business-licenses-permits-and-planning.html.
- National Conference of State Legislatures (8 November 2018). "State Medical Marijuana Laws". http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx.
- Rough, Lisa (24 August 2017). "Leafly’s State-by-State Guide to Cannabis Testing Regulations". Leafly - Industry. Leafly Holdings, Inc. https://www.leafly.com/news/industry/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations.
Publications and blogs
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Cannabis Business Executive
- Cannabis Industry Journal
- Cannabis Science and Technology
- Cannabis Science Blog
- Marijuana Business Daily
- MedicalJane
- Nature Outlook: Cannabis
- O’Shaughnessy’s
- Terpenes and Testing Magazine
- Tracking Cannabis - Thomas Coburn LLP
Standards and guidance
- "Committee D37 on Cannabis". ASTM International. https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/D37.htm.
(See each sub-committee for proposed and approved standards)
- "Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM)". United States Food and Drug Administration. 19 September 2018. https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/ucm2006955.htm.
- "Residue Analytical Methods (RAM)". United States Environmental Protection Agency. 20 February 2016. https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/methods/rammethods/web/html/ram12b.html.
- Bureau of Health Care Safety and Quality (5 February 2016). "Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries" (PDF). Massachusetts Department of Public Health. pp. 25. https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/11/pu/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf.
- Cannabis Committee, AHPA (5 February 2016). "Recommendations for Regulators – Cannabis Operations" (PDF). American Herbal Products Association. http://www.ahpa.org/Portals/0/pdfs/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf.
- Gray, P.J.; Mindak, W.R.; Cheng, J. (March 2015). "Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, and Other Elements in Food Using Microwave Assisted Digestion" (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/foodscienceresearch/laboratorymethods/ucm377005.pdf.
- Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al., ed. (2014). Cannabis Inflorescence: Cannabis spp.. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. ISBN 1929425333. http://www.herbal-ahp.org/order_online.htm.
Accreditation and certification
- Americans for Safe Access Foundation. "Patient Focused Certification". https://safeaccess2.org/patientfocusedcertification//.
- Certified Kind, LLC. "Certified Kind: Certification for Responsibly Grown Cannabis". https://www.certified-kind.com/.
- Clean Green Certified. "Clean Green Certified". https://www.cleangreencert.org/.
- Emerald Scientific, LLC. "The Emerald Test". http://www.theemeraldtest.com/.
- Perry Johnson Laboratory Accreditation, Inc. "Accreditation Programs: Medical Marijuana Testing". http://www.pjlabs.com/accreditation-programs/medical-marijuana-testing.
Testing
- American Association of Laboratory Accreditation. "Cannabis Testing Laboratory Accreditation Program". https://www.a2la.org/accreditation/cannabis-testing.
- Association of Public Health Laboratories (2018). "Cannabis Testing". https://www.aphl.org/programs/environmental_health/Pages/Cannabis-Testing.aspx.
- Association of Public Health Laboratories (May 2016). "Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs" (PDF). pp. 35. https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf.
- Daley, P.; Lampach, D.; Sguerra, S. (12 September 2013). "Testing Cannabis for Contaminants" (PDF). BOTEC Analysis Corp. https://lcb.wa.gov/publications/Marijuana/BOTEC%20reports/1a-Testing-for-Contaminants-Final-Revised.pdf.
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (September 2009). "Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of cannabis and cannabis products" (PDF). https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/ST-NAR-40-Ebook_1.pdf.
(Note year; still provides historical perspective)
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (June 2013). "Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in seized materials" (PDF). https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/STNAR48_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_ENG.pdf.
New York State Department of Health:
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (18 November 2015). "Measurement of Mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS, NYS DOH MML-303" (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 43. https://www.wadsworth.org/sites/default/files/WebDoc/359205661/MML-303-01.pdf.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (3 November 2015). "Measurement of Phytocannabinoids using HPLC-PDA, NYS DOH MML-300" (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 34. https://www.wadsworth.org/sites/default/files/WebDoc/576578963/MML-300-01.pdf.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (3 November 2015). "Medical marijuana sample preparation protocols for potency analysis, NYS DOH MML-301" (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 13. https://www.wadsworth.org/sites/default/files/WebDoc/1495494332/MML-301-01.pdf.
- For all other methods documents, see https://www.wadsworth.org/regulatory/elap/medical-marijuana.
Scientific conferences and trade shows
- "Cannabis and Medicinal Research Conference". Conference Series, LLC. https://cannabis-marijuana.neurologyconference.com/.
- "Cannabis Business Summit and Expo". National Cannabis Industry Association. http://www.cannabisbusinesssummit.com/.
- "Concentration 2019: A Cannabis Extraction Conference". Terpenes and Testing Magazine. https://terpenesandtesting.com/conference-2019/.
- "CannaTech". iCAN Israel Cannabis. https://www.canna-tech.co/.
- "CannX". Paragon Israel. https://cannx.org/.
- "Emerald Conference". Emerald Scientific, LLC. https://www.theemeraldconference.com/.
- "Institute of Cannabis Research Conference". Colorado State University - Pueblo. https://www.csupueblo.edu/institute-of-cannabis-research/.
- "International Cannabis Business Conference". International Conferences Group, LLC. https://internationalcbc.com/.
- "Marijuana Business Conference & Expo". Anne Holland Ventures, Inc. https://mjbizconference.com/.
- "National Clinical Conference on Cannabis Therapeutics". Patients Out of Time. http://patientsoutoftime.org/.
- "World Medical Cannabis Conference & Expo". Present Syndikos LLC. https://www.compassionatecertificationcenters.com/2019-world-medical-cannabis-conference-expo/.
Associations, organizations, and interest groups
- Agricultural Genomics Foundation
- American Cannabis Nurses Association
- American Chemical Society, Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision
- American Herbal Products Association
- American Medical Marijuana Physicians Association
- American Oil Chemists Society
- American Trade Association for Cannabis & Hemp
- Americans for Safe Access
- Association of Cannabis Specialists
- Association of Commercial Cannabis Laboratories
- Cannabis Council of Canada
- Cannabis Horticultural Association
- Cannabis Safety Institute
- Cannabis Science Interest (CSI) Group, part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Cannabis Trade Federation
- Center for the Study of Cannabis and Social Policy
- Doctors for Cannabis Regulation
- Foundation of Cannabis Unified Standards
- Hemp Industries Association
- HeroGrown
- International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines
- International Cannabinoid Research Society
- International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute
- Medical Cannabis Society
- Minority Cannabis Business Association
- Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies
- National Association of Cannabis Businesses
- National Cannabis Bar Association
- National Cannabis Industry Association
- National Hemp Association
- NORML
- Patients Out of Time
- Project CBD
- Smart Approaches to Marijuana
- Society of Cannabis Clinicians
- The Medical Cannabis Institute
- Veterans Cannabis Project
- Women Grow
Regional
- Alaska Marijuana Industry Association
- Arizona Medical Cannabis Association
- Arkansas Cannabis Industry Association
- Arkansas Medical Marijuana Association
- California Cannabis Industry Association
- Colorado Cannabis Chamber of Commerce
- Colorado Leads
- Delaware Cannabis Advocacy Network
- Florida for Care
- Florida Medical Cannabis Industry Association
- Hawaiʻi Dispensary Alliance
- Las Vegas Medical Marijuana Association (Nevada)
- Marijuana Industry Group (Colorado)
- Marijuana Industry Trade Association (Arizona)
- Maryland Medical Dispensary Association
- Maryland Wholesale Medical Cannabis Trade Association
- Massachusetts Medical Marijuana Dispensers' Association
- Medical Cannabis Alliance of Illinois
- Medical Cannabis Coalition of Hawaii
- Medical Marijuana Caregivers of Maine
- Michigan Medical Marijuana Association
- Montana Cannabis Industry Association
- National Cannabis Industry Association of Ohio
- Nevada Dispensary Association
- New Jersey Cannabis Industry Association
- Ohio Cannabis Association
- Oregon Cannabis Association
- Oregon Cannabis Business Council
- Texas Cannabis Industry Association
- Washington CannabBusiness Association
- Washington Cannabis Laboratory Association
- Washington Sungrowers Industry Association
Testing labs and pricing info
The prevalence of testing laboratories in any given state depends on a few factors: legalization status, state laws regarding testing, and strictness of regulations. Labs typically appear as stand-alone, third-party entities. Though not common, some testing laboratories are located within dispensaries (e.g., Champlain Valley Dispensary in Vermont[1]) and treatment centers (e.g., Sanctuary ATC in New Hampshire.[2]).
The following are known active cannabis testing labs (those currently in the licensing process are not included):
Alaska
- Canntest ($70–$230, single and package tests)
- The New Frontier Research (Pricing not public)
Arizona:
- Arizona Analytical ($10–$40/test type)
- C4 Laboratories ($40–125/test type)
- Delta Verde Laboratory (Pricing not public)
- Desert Valley Testing ($15–$750, single and package tests)
- Kanna-Bosm Labs (Local and mobile testing; pricing not public)
Arkansas:
- Marygold Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Steep Hill Arkansas (Pricing not public)
California:
- Anresco Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- BelCosta Labs (Pricing not public)
- Bud Genius ($50/sample)
- Cannalysis (Pricing not public)
- Cannasafe Analytics (Pricing not public)
- Cascadia Labs (Pricing not public)
- Coastal Analytical ($99–$3500, single and package tests)
- CB Labs (Pricing not public)
- CW Analytical (Pricing not public)
- Deibel Cannabis Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- EVIO Labs (Pricing not public)
- Flower Potency Testing ($65–$620, single and package tests)
- Harrens Lab (Pricing not public)
- Humboldt Quality Assurance Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Infinite Chemical Analysis Labs ($65–$90+/test)
- KS Labs ($20–$200/test; also offers consulting)
- Merso Labs (Pricing not public)
- PacLab Analytics (Pricing not public)
- PharmLabs (Pricing not public)
- Pure Analytics (Pricing not public)
- SC Labs (Pricing not public)
- Sequoia Analytical Labs (Pricing not public)
- Steep Hill California (Pricing not public)
- The Werc Shop (Pricing not public)
Colorado:
- AgriScience Labs (Pricing not public)
- Agricor Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Aurum Labs ($36–$120/test type)
- Bonafides Laboratory (Pricing not public)
- Botanacor (Hemp testing; pricing not public)
- Gobi Labs (Pricing not public)
- Green Lab Solutions Company (Pricing not public)
- GreenHill Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Nordic Analytical Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- PhytaTech CO (Pricing not public)
- Rm3 Labs ($35–$250, single and package tests)
- TEQ Analytical Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- The Good Lab (Pricing not public)
Connecticut:
- AltaSci Laboratories (Pricing not public)
Delaware:
- Agrolab Organics (State-contracted[3])
District of Columbia:
- Central Lab 420 ($100/test)
- Steep Hill DC (Pricing not public)
Florida:
- Cann-A-Lab (Pricing not public)
- EVIO Labs (Pricing not public)
- MariJ Pharmaceuticals (Mobile lab; pricing not public)
- Modern Canna Science (MCS) (Pricing not public)
Hawaii:
- Aeos Labs (Pricing not public)
- PharmLabs (Pricing not public)
- Steep Hill Hawaii (Pricing not public)
Illinois:
- ACT Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Grace Analytical Laboratory, Inc. (Approved by state, but not advertised on website)
- LK Pure Labs (Pricing not public)
Louisiana:
- Due to an absence of independent testing labs, the Louisiana Department of Agriculture is testing, as of October 2018[4]
Maine:
- ProVerde Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Sensible ($17–$65/sample)
- Tested Labs ($15–300/sample)
- The Maine Lab (Extraction services only)
Maryland:
- Advent Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Atlantic Test Labs (Pricing not public)
- Pinnacle CT (Pricing not public)
- Quales (Pricing not public)
- Steep Hill Maryland (Pricing not public)
Massachusetts:
- CDX Analytics (Pricing not public)
- EVIO Labs (Pricing not public)
- MCR Labs ($50–100/sample)
- ProVerde Laboratories (Pricing not public)
Michigan:
- ACT Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Iron Laboratories ($40–$475, single and package tests w/o membership; cheaper with)
- PSI Labs ($35–$85, single and package tests)
- Steadfast (Pricing not public)
- The Spott ($40–$90/test w/o membership; cheaper with, and can access package test prices)
Minnesota:
- Not clear; independent labs must be approved by Commissioner of Health.[5] Two labs—Aspen Research and Legend Technical Services—were approved to do testing in 2015, but neither lists those services on their website.[6]
Missouri:
- Medical marijuana passed in November 2018; Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services needs to develop testing rules[7]
Montana:
- Bubo Analytics (Pricing not public)
- Cannabanalysis Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Clear Brew Technologies and Lab Services (Pricing not public)
- Fidelity Diagnostics (Pricing not public)
- Montana BioTech (From $60)
- Stillwater Laboratories (Pricing not public)
Nevada:
- 374 Labs (Pricing not public)
- Certified AgLab (Pricing not public)
- DB Labs (Pricing not public)
- Digipath (Pricing not public)
- G3 Labs (Pricing not public)
- MM Lab (Pricing not public)
- NV Cann Labs (Pricing not public)
- RSR Analytical Laboratories (Pricing not public)
New Hampshire:
- The state mandates testing, but it's not clear which independent laboratories are approved to do so. Alternative treatment centers may be responsible for own testing.
New Jersey:
- Cannabis testing is mostly performed by the Department of Health and Senior Services.[8]
- Cannalytics Research Center (Pricing not public)
New Mexico:
- Scepter Lab (No website)
- Scientific Base Solutions (No website)
- Steep Hill New Mexico (Pricing not public)
New York:
- "The Department's Wadsworth Center Laboratory will perform initial testing and analysis of final medical marijuana products until independent laboratories receive certification from the New York State Environmental Laboratory Approval Program (ELAP)."[9]
North Carolina:
- Avazyme (Industrial hemp testing; pricing not public)
North Dakota:
- The state mandates that its compassion centers must test cannabis in-house or have it done by a contracted facility.[10]
- Keystone State Testing, DBA Dakota State Testing (Selected by ND for testing in May 2018[11])
Ohio:
- ACT Laboratories (Up and running by April 2019[12])
- Battelle Memorial Institute (Up and running by April 2019[12])
- North Coast Testing Laboratories, LLC (Up and running by April 2019[12])
Oklahoma:
- As of October 2018, testing standards and licensing is still being discussed.[13]
Oregon
- 3B Analytical ($35–$325 for basic testing, single and package tests; control studies also available)
- Anova Laboratory (Pricing not public)
- Cascadia Labs (Pricing not public)
- ChemHistory (Pricing not public)
- CS Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- EVIO Labs (Pricing not public)
- Green Leaf Lab (Pricing not public)
- Iron Laboratories ($40–$475, single and package tests w/o membership; cheaper with)
- Juniper Analytics ($50–$500, single and package tests)
- Lightscale Labs ($20–$300, single and package tests)
- MW Labs (Pricing not public)
- PacLab Analytics (Pricing not public)
- Phylos Bioscience ($60–$295; sexing and genotyping only)
- PREE Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Pixis Labs (Pricing not public)
- Reference Labs ($10–$350, single and package tests)
- Rose City Laboratories ($25–$350, single and package tests)
- SC Labs (Pricing not public)
- Steep Hill Oregon (Working on ORELAP and OLCC accreditation as of November 2018; pricing not public)
Pennsylvania:
- ACT Laboratories (Pricing not public)
- Keystone State Testing (Pricing not public)
- PCR Labs ($50–$100/sample)
- Steep Hill Pennsylvania (Pricing not public)
Rhode Island:
- Rhode Island Department of Health began taking applications for testing labs in September 2018.[14]
- East Coast Labs (Pricing not public)
Utah:
- Medical marijuana passed in November 2018; the state is still working on laboratory testing terms[15]
Vermont:
- The Department of Public Safety "may require laboratory testing of cannabis produced by a registered dispensary. The Department may specify the testing methodology. The registered dispensary shall bear the costs of any testing required by the Department."[16]
- Champlain Valley Dispenary (News article indicates may be accepting testing from non-patients; $75-$125/sample for potency[17])
- Nutraceutical Science Laboratories (Pricing not public)
Washington:
- Analytical 360 ($50–$125, single and package tests)
- Anatek Labs ($10–$120/test)
- Cannalytics QC ($35–$70/test)
- Capitol Analysis ($45–$80/test)
- Confidence Analytics ($50–$150, single and package tests)
- Dragon Analytical Laboratory ($20–$60/test)
- Green Grower Labs (Pricing not public)
- Integrity Labs ($25–$360, single and package tests)
- Medicine Creek Analytics ($25–$499, single and volume testing)
- Peak Analytics ($50–$75/test)
- SC Labs (Pricing not public)
- Steep Hill Washington (Pricing not public)
- The Werc Shop (Pricing not public)
- Trace Analytics ($40–$350, single and package tests)
- True Northwest (Pricing not public)
West Virginia:
- Still working on developing its medical cannabis program.[18] Draft legislation says the Bureau for Public Health will be responsible for approving testing laboratories.[19]
Wisconsin:
- Accelerated Cannabis Laboratories (Pricing not public)
Support services
The following entities are known to provide consulting and support services of various types to cannabis testing labs (as well as cultivators, dispensaries, etc.):
- 3C Consulting
- American Cannabis Company
- BeGreenLegal
- C3 Labs
- Cannabis Business Services (of Florida)
- Cannabis Dispute Resolution Institute
- Cannabis Legal Group
- Carbon Blue Consulting
- Evergreen Law
- Hypur
- Phytoscience Institute
- PhytoSciences Consultants
- Signoto (Canada)
- Steep Hill Halent
- Vitale Scientific Associates
- Willow Industries
References
- ↑ "Our Quality Commitment". Champlain Valley Dispensary, Inc. http://www.cvdvt.org/products/quality-commitment/. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- ↑ "New Hampshire Therapeutic Cannabis Laboratory Analysis — Therapeutic Uses". Sanctuary ATC. http://www.sanctuaryatc.org/laboratory-analysis-nh.php. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- ↑ Flood, C. (15 November 2016). "State contracts medical marijuana tester". Cape Gazette. http://www.capegazette.com/article/state-contracts-medical-marijuana-tester/120159. Retrieved 02 March 2017.
- ↑ Karlin, S. (23 October 2018). "Louisiana medical marijuana delayed after state forced to do product testing, company says". The Advocate. https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/business/article_b05f7ca4-d6fe-11e8-b997-8ff7036b6c47.html. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ↑ Klarqvist, E. (August 2016). "Minnesota’s Medical Cannabis Therapeutic Research Act" (PDF). Minnesota House of Representatives. http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hrd/pubs/MCTRA.pdf. Retrieved 02 March 2017.
- ↑ "Public Health Laboratory Annual Report: Fiscal Year 2015" (PDF). Minnesota Department of Health Public Health Laboratory. 2016. https://www.leg.state.mn.us/docs/2016/other/160894.pdf. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ↑ Marso, A. (16 November 2018). "Medical marijuana in Missouri: When—and if—you can get it". The Kansas City Star. https://www.kansascity.com/living/health-fitness/article221302705.html. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ↑ "Medicinal Marijuana Program Rules" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. 23 November 2011. http://www.state.nj.us/health/medicalmarijuana/documents/final_rules.pdf. Retrieved 02 March 2017.
- ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". New York State Medical Marijuana Program. New York State Department of Health. March 2016. https://www.health.ny.gov/regulations/medical_marijuana/faq.htm. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- ↑ "Initiated Constitutional Amendment No. 5" (PDF). North Dakota Secretary of State. 2016. https://vip.sos.nd.gov/pdfs/Measures%20Info/2016%20General/Measure%205.pdf. Retrieved 02 March 2017.
- ↑ "North Dakota chooses medical marijuana laboratory company". The Associated Press. 21 May 2018. https://www.apnews.com/397eab5555e84454af2833c2763ba481. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Provance, J. (21 September 2018). "Toledo lab licensed for medical marijuana testing". The Blade. https://www.toledoblade.com/local/2018/09/21/Toledo-lab-picked-for-medical-marijuana-testing-ACT-Laboratories-of-Ohio/stories/20180921147. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ↑ Zheng, L. (10 October 2018). "Oklahoma lawmakers approve recommendations for medical marijuana testing standards". Oklahoma's News 4. https://kfor.com/2018/10/10/lawmakers-approve-recommendations-for-medical-marijuana-testing-standards/. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ↑ Bentley, J. (17 September 2018). "RI Department of Health Seeking Medical Marijuana Testing Labs". Patch - Newport. https://patch.com/rhode-island/newport/ri-department-health-seeking-medical-marijuana-testing-labs. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
- ↑ Utah State Legislature (14 November 2018). "Utah Medical Cannabis Act Overview" (PDF). State of Utah. https://le.utah.gov/interim/2018/pdf/00004612.pdf. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
- ↑ "Rules Regulating Cannabis for Symptom Relief" (PDF). Vermont Department of Public Safety. 30 November 2015. http://vcic.vermont.gov/sites/vcic/files/files/marijuana-registry/MR-Rules-Regulating-Cannabis-for-Symptom-Relief.pdf. Retrieved 02 March 2017.
- ↑ Baird, J.B. (12 June 2018). "Test the potency of your VT homegrown marijuana". Burlington Free Press. https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2018/06/12/vermonters-can-legally-test-cannabis-potency/659507002/. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ↑ "Office of Medical Cannabis". Bureau for Public Health. State of West Virginia. https://dhhr.wv.gov/bph/Pages/Medical-Cannabis-Program.aspx. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
- ↑ Bureau for Public Health (14 December 2017). "Title 64, Legislative Rule, Bureau for Public Health, Series 111, Medical Cannabis Program - Laboratories" (PDF). State of West Virginia. http://dhhr.wv.gov/bph/Documents/MedicalCannabis/Proposed%20Rules/Medical%20Cannabis%20Program%20-%20Laboratories%20-%2064%20CSR%20111%20v1.pdf. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
Citation information for this chapter
Chapters: 6. Final thoughts and 7. Resources
Title: Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States
Edition: Second edition
Author for citation: Shawn E. Douglas
License for content: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Publication date: December 2018
