Difference between revisions of "LII:Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States/Final thoughts and resources"
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* ''[https://www.thecannabist.co/ The Cannabist]'' | * ''[https://www.thecannabist.co/ The Cannabist]'' | ||
* ''[https://mjbizdaily.com/ Marijuana Business Daily]'' | * ''[https://mjbizdaily.com/ Marijuana Business Daily]'' | ||
* ''[https://www.marijuanamoment.net/ Marijuana Moment]'' | |||
* ''[https://www.medicaljane.com/ MedicalJane]'' | * ''[https://www.medicaljane.com/ MedicalJane]'' | ||
* ''[https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v525/n7570_supp/index.html Nature Outlook: Cannabis]'' | * ''[https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v525/n7570_supp/index.html Nature Outlook: Cannabis]'' | ||
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* ''[http://terpenesandtesting.com/ Terpenes and Testing Magazine]'' | * ''[http://terpenesandtesting.com/ Terpenes and Testing Magazine]'' | ||
* ''[https://www.thompsoncoburn.com/insights/blogs/tracking-cannabis Tracking Cannabis]'' - Thomas Coburn LLP | * ''[https://www.thompsoncoburn.com/insights/blogs/tracking-cannabis Tracking Cannabis]'' - Thomas Coburn LLP | ||
===Education and training=== | ===Education and training=== | ||
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===Associations, organizations, and interest groups=== | ===Associations, organizations, and interest groups=== | ||
{{Associations, organizations, and interest groups}} | |||
===Consultancy and support services=== | |||
The following entities are known to provide consulting and support services of various types to cannabis testing labs (as well as cultivators, dispensaries, etc.): | The following entities are known to provide consulting and support services of various types to cannabis testing labs (as well as cultivators, dispensaries, etc.): | ||
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* [http://steephilllab.com/consulting/ Steep Hill Halent] | * [http://steephilllab.com/consulting/ Steep Hill Halent] | ||
* [http://www.vitalescientific.com/services/cannabis/ Vitale Scientific Associates] | * [http://www.vitalescientific.com/services/cannabis/ Vitale Scientific Associates] | ||
* [https://thewercshop.com/ The Werc Shop] | |||
* [https://willowindustries.com/consulting/ Willow Industries] | * [https://willowindustries.com/consulting/ Willow Industries] | ||
== | ===Licensed cultivators=== | ||
{{ | |||
{{Licensed cultivators}} | |||
===Testing labs and pricing info=== | |||
{{Testing labs and pricing info}} | |||
==Citation information for this chapter== | ==Citation information for this chapter== | ||
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'''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International] | '''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International] | ||
'''Publication date''': | '''Publication date''': May 2019 | ||
<!--Place all category tags here--> | <!--Place all category tags here--> |
Revision as of 22:38, 13 June 2019
This last section of the guide provides closing thoughts to tie together what was previously discussed. It also provides a directory of cannabis testing, standards, etc. resources for readers wanting to learn more.
6. Final thoughts
This guide has attempted to provide insight into various aspects of the current status of laboratory testing of cannabis in the U.S. By extension, it has required a closer look at many non-testing or tangentially related aspects of cannabis, including history, regulations, standards, methods, equipment, and software. The guide has also attempted to look at the potential future of testing, a more difficult feat that has required inspection of—and speculation on—a mix of statistics and politics, as well as government and social policy and how they may all affect the future of cannabis testing. We learned that many point fingers at the U.S. federal government for being responsible for several cannabis-related issues, including lack of clear government support for cannabis research, lack of standardization of testing and analysis methods for said research, and wavering policy that remains inconsistent at best. At root is the fact that the federal government maintains cannabis (and its constituents) as a Schedule I drug, by extension declaring that it has no respectable medical use. This and related decisions have slowed down the academic study of cannabis (in the U.S.), including its analysis, quality testing, and research and use as a medical treatment. The development, implementation, and reassessment of cultivation and testing standards and methods have largely been piecemeal; additionally, those efforts have been enacted in an environment where, despite the legal status in a state, fear that the federal government will inevitably intervene slows progress even further.
Despite these barriers, the speed at which U.S. states have adopted some form of legalization of cannabis has pushed scientists and researchers to collaborate and improve standards and methods. Necessity continues to be the mother of invention, driving those in the industry to adapt or perish in a difficult, inconsistent market. State officials are teaming up at industry conferences and sharing ideas. Non-profit organizations are joining forces with major standards agencies to expand and improve good laboratory practices. Researchers—whether on their own or with the help of others internationally—are learning more about the various cannabinoids and their interaction with terpenes, driving new insight into potential therapeutic remedies. Overall public perception about marijuana consumption and use is gradually shifting towards a positive light, even when so little is still understood about the long-term ramifications of its use. Commercial interests are taking notice, and so are international treaty makers. All of this adds up to forward momentum in the cannabis industry, with warts and all.
Many factors will affect the future of cannabis regulation, testing, and research; in the process, we're certain to see both ups and downs as political and social climates continue to change. However, as marijuana consumption and hemp-based manufacturing methods continue to see expanded support, consumers and manufacturers, as well as all those involved in between, will always clamor for a safer product that is "as advertised." Laboratory analysis will play an important role in that effort, whether it's in the medical research lab, the quality control lab, or the manufacturer's lab. It will be imperative for all interested parties to further work together to ensure methods are sound and standardized in a realistic and beneficial way to ensure that in the end consumers will get the best possible product available.
7. Resources
Key reading
- Association of Public Health Laboratories (May 2016). "Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs" (PDF). pp. 35. https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf.
- Andre, C.M.; Hausman, J.-F.; Guerriero, G. (2016). "Cannabis sativa: The plant of the thousand and one molecules". Frontiers in Plant Medicine 7: 19. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00019. PMC PMC4740396. PMID 26870049. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4740396.
- Cassiday, L. (October 2016). "The Highs and Lows of Cannabis Testing". INFORM. American Oil Chemists' Society. https://www.aocs.org/stay-informed/read-inform/featured-articles/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016.
- Hudak, J.; Rauch, J. (June 2016). "Worry about bad marijuana — not Big Marijuana" (PDF). The Brookings Institution. pp. 18. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/big-marijuana-1.pdf.
- Piomelli, D.; Weiss, S.; Boyd, G. et al. (2018). "Cannabis and the Opioid Crisis". Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 3 (1): 108-16. doi:10.1089/can.2018.29011.rtl. PMC PMC5931647. PMID 29789812. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5931647.
- Wallach, P.; Rauch, J. (June 2016). "Bootleggers, Baptists, bureaucrats, and bongs: How special interests will shape marijuana legalization" (PDF). The Brookings Institution. pp. 22. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/bootleggers.pdf.
Reference material
- Chambers, R. (8 August 2013). "Leafly Glossary of Cannabis Terms". Leafly - Cannabis 101. Leafly Holdings, Inc. https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/glossary-of-cannabis-terms.
- ElSohly, M.A.; Radwan, M.M.; Gul, W. et al. (2017). "Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa L.". Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 103: 1–36. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_1. PMID 28120229.
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (12 January 2017). "The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research". The National Academies Press. pp. 440. doi:10.17226/24625. http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/reports/2017/health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids.aspx.
- National Conference of State Legislatures (2016). "Marijuana Deep Dive". http://www.ncsl.org/bookstore/state-legislatures-magazine/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx.
- Office of National Drug Control Policy. "Marijuana Resource Center". Archived from the original on 17 January 2017. http://web.archive.org/web/20170117133745/https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/marijuanainfo.
- Thomas, B.F.; ElSohly, M.A. (2016). Thomas, B.F. ed. The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis. Elsevier. pp. 132. ISBN 9780128046708. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Hs5PCgAAQBAJ.
- World Health Organization (2016). Hall, W.; Renström, M.; Poznyak, V. ed. The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use. World Health Organization. pp. 95. ISBN 978921510240. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/cannabis/en/.
Law and regulation
- "33 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC: Laws, Fees, and Possession Limits". ProCon.org. 13 November 2018. http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881.
- "Home Cannabis Cultivation Laws: A State-by-State Guide". Leafly - Cannabis 101. Leafly Holdings, Inc. 29 September 2017. https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/home-cannabis-cultivation-laws-a-state-by-state-guide.
- "Marijuana Business: Licenses, Permits, and Planning". FindLaw. Thomson Reuters. https://smallbusiness.findlaw.com/business-laws-and-regulations/marijuana-business-licenses-permits-and-planning.html.
- Horn, J.; Bogot, W. (7 December 2018). "National Survey on Marijuana Laws and Regulations". Fox Rothschild LLP. https://www.foxrothschild.com/publications/national-survey-on-marijuana-laws-and-regulations/.
- National Conference of State Legislatures (8 November 2018). "State Medical Marijuana Laws". http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx.
- Rough, Lisa (24 August 2017). "Leafly’s State-by-State Guide to Cannabis Testing Regulations". Leafly - Industry. Leafly Holdings, Inc. https://www.leafly.com/news/industry/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations.
Standards and guidance
- "Committee D37 on Cannabis". ASTM International. https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/D37.htm.
(See each sub-committee for proposed and approved standards)
- "Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM)". United States Food and Drug Administration. 19 September 2018. https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/ucm2006955.htm.
- "Residue Analytical Methods (RAM)". United States Environmental Protection Agency. 20 February 2016. https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/methods/rammethods/web/html/ram12b.html.
- Bureau of Health Care Safety and Quality (5 February 2016). "Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries" (PDF). Massachusetts Department of Public Health. pp. 25. https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/11/pu/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf.
- Cannabis Committee, AHPA (5 February 2016). "Recommendations for Regulators – Cannabis Operations" (PDF). American Herbal Products Association. http://www.ahpa.org/Portals/0/pdfs/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf.
- Gray, P.J.; Mindak, W.R.; Cheng, J. (March 2015). "Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, and Other Elements in Food Using Microwave Assisted Digestion" (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/foodscienceresearch/laboratorymethods/ucm377005.pdf.
- Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al., ed. (2014). Cannabis Inflorescence: Cannabis spp.. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. ISBN 1929425333. http://www.herbal-ahp.org/order_online.htm.
Testing
- American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA). "Cannabis Testing Laboratory Accreditation Program". https://www.a2la.org/accreditation/cannabis-testing.
- Association of Public Health Laboratories (2018). "Cannabis Testing". https://www.aphl.org/programs/environmental_health/Pages/Cannabis-Testing.aspx.
- Association of Public Health Laboratories (May 2016). "Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs" (PDF). pp. 35. https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf.
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (2018). "Marijuana [testing] reference library". https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdphe/marijuana-reference-library.
- Daley, P.; Lampach, D.; Sguerra, S. (12 September 2013). "Testing Cannabis for Contaminants" (PDF). BOTEC Analysis Corp. https://lcb.wa.gov/publications/Marijuana/BOTEC%20reports/1a-Testing-for-Contaminants-Final-Revised.pdf.
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (September 2009). "Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of cannabis and cannabis products" (PDF). https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/ST-NAR-40-Ebook_1.pdf.
(Note year; still provides historical perspective)
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (June 2013). "Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in seized materials" (PDF). https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/STNAR48_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_ENG.pdf.
New York State Department of Health:
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (18 November 2015). "Measurement of Mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS, NYS DOH MML-303" (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 43. https://www.wadsworth.org/sites/default/files/WebDoc/359205661/MML-303-01.pdf.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (3 November 2015). "Measurement of Phytocannabinoids using HPLC-PDA, NYS DOH MML-300" (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 34. https://www.wadsworth.org/sites/default/files/WebDoc/576578963/MML-300-01.pdf.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (3 November 2015). "Medical marijuana sample preparation protocols for potency analysis, NYS DOH MML-301" (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 13. https://www.wadsworth.org/sites/default/files/WebDoc/1495494332/MML-301-01.pdf.
- For all other methods documents, see https://www.wadsworth.org/regulatory/elap/medical-marijuana.
Accreditation and certification
- Americans for Safe Access Foundation. "Patient Focused Certification". https://safeaccess2.org/patientfocusedcertification//.
- Certified Kind, LLC. "Certified Kind: Certification for Responsibly Grown Cannabis". https://www.certified-kind.com/.
- Clean Green Certified. "Clean Green Certified". https://www.cleangreencert.org/.
- Emerald Scientific, LLC. "The Emerald Test". http://www.theemeraldtest.com/.
- Perry Johnson Laboratory Accreditation, Inc. "Accreditation Programs: Medical Marijuana Testing". http://www.pjlabs.com/accreditation-programs/medical-marijuana-testing.
Publications and blogs
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Cannabis Business Executive
- Cannabis Industry Journal
- Cannabis Science and Technology
- Cannabis Science Blog
- The Cannabist
- Marijuana Business Daily
- Marijuana Moment
- MedicalJane
- Nature Outlook: Cannabis
- O’Shaughnessy’s
- Terpenes and Testing Magazine
- Tracking Cannabis - Thomas Coburn LLP
Education and training
- 420 College
- Academy of Cannabis Science
- Alaska Cannabis Institute
- Cannabis Career Institute
- Cannabis Industry Institute
- Cannabis Training Institute
- Medical Cannabis Caregivers
- Medical Cannabis Institute
- Oregon Cannabis Institute
- Southern Cannabis Institute
- Trichome Institute
Scientific conferences and trade shows
- "Cannabis and Medicinal Research Conference". Conference Series, LLC. https://cannabis-marijuana.neurologyconference.com/.
- "Cannabis Business Summit and Expo". National Cannabis Industry Association. http://www.cannabisbusinesssummit.com/.
- "Concentration 2019: A Cannabis Extraction Conference". Terpenes and Testing Magazine. https://terpenesandtesting.com/conference-2019/.
- "CannaTech". iCAN Israel Cannabis. https://www.canna-tech.co/.
- "CannX". Paragon Israel. https://cannx.org/.
- "Emerald Conference". Emerald Scientific, LLC. https://www.theemeraldconference.com/.
- "Institute of Cannabis Research Conference". Colorado State University - Pueblo. https://www.csupueblo.edu/institute-of-cannabis-research/.
- "International Cannabis Business Conference". International Conferences Group, LLC. https://internationalcbc.com/.
- "Marijuana Business Conference & Expo". Anne Holland Ventures, Inc. https://mjbizconference.com/.
- "National Clinical Conference on Cannabis Therapeutics". Patients Out of Time. http://patientsoutoftime.org/.
- "World Medical Cannabis Conference & Expo". Present Syndikos LLC. https://www.compassionatecertificationcenters.com/2019-world-medical-cannabis-conference-expo/.
Associations, organizations, and interest groups
Global and national
|
Regional
|
Consultancy and support services
The following entities are known to provide consulting and support services of various types to cannabis testing labs (as well as cultivators, dispensaries, etc.):
- 3C Consulting
- American Cannabis Company
- BeGreenLegal
- C3 Labs
- Cannabis Business Services (of Florida)
- Cannabis Dispute Resolution Institute
- Cannabis Legal Group
- Carbon Blue Consulting
- Evergreen Law
- Hypur
- Phytoscience Institute
- PhytoSciences Consultants
- Signoto (Canada)
- Steep Hill Halent
- Vitale Scientific Associates
- The Werc Shop
- Willow Industries
Licensed cultivators
Testing labs and pricing info
Canada
The following are licensed cannabis testing labs, as reported by Health Canada.[1] Note that some of these laboratories are not stand-alone laboratories accepting samples but rather in-house labs testing for R&D or manufacturing programs.
Alberta
- AGAT Laboratories Ltd.
- Bio-Chem Consulting Services (1980) Ltd.
- Caro Analytical Services Ltd.
- Drug Development and Innovation Centre
- InnoTech Alberta, Inc.
- Intertek Testing Services (ITS) Canada Ltd.
- Keystone Labs, Inc.
- Labs-Mart, Inc.
- Olds Softgels, Inc.
- PBR Laboratories, Inc.
- Quality Analytical Services Ltd.
- Radient Technologies, Inc.
- SGS Canada, Inc.
British Columbia
- Activation Laboratories Ltd.
- AGAT Laboratories Ltd.
- Anandia Laboratories, Inc.
- Avalite Sciences, Inc.
- Cannevert Therapeutics Ltd.
- Caro Analytical Services Ltd.
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation
- Chemia Analytics, Inc.
- Drug Analysis Service
- Green Sky Laboratories Corp.
- Intertek Testing Services (ITS) Canada Ltd.
- Labs-Mart, Inc.
- M.B. Laboratories Ltd.
- Peak Wellness Ltd.
- ProgenyBio Agricultural Services, Inc.
- Pura Analytical Labs, Inc.
- Salvation Botanicals Ltd.
- SGS Canada, Inc.
- Teewinot Laboratories, Inc.
- Valens Agritech Ltd.
- VSSL Enterprises Ltd.
- Zenalytic Laboratories Ltd.
Manitoba
- Intertek Testing Services (ITS) Canada Ltd.
- Nexus Online Solutions, Inc.
- SGS Canada, Inc.
- Teewinot Laboratories, Inc.
New Brunswick
Newfoundland
Nova Scotia
- AGAT Laboratories Ltd.
- Intertek Testing Services (ITS) Canada Ltd.
- Perennia Food and Agriculture, Inc.
- SGS Canada, Inc.
Ontario
- A&L Canada Laboratories, Inc.
- Abide, Inc.
- Activation Laboratories Ltd.
- AGAT Laboratories Ltd.
- Anandia Laboratories, Inc.
- Applied Research Centre for Natural Products and Medical Cannabis
- ARA-Avanti Rx Analytics, Inc.
- Canadian Clinical Cannabinoids, Inc.
- Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics
- Chemi Pharmaceutical, Inc.
- CREM Co, Inc.
- Diteba Laboratories, Inc.
- Drug Analysis Service
- Eurofins Experchem Laboratories, Inc.
- High North, Inc.
- Intertek Testing Services (ITS) Canada Ltd.
- Labs-Mart, Inc.
- Loyalist College of Applied Arts and Technology
- Lupos (Canada) Biotechnology, Inc.
- MJMG Holdings, Inc.
- Molecular Science Labs Corp.
- Nordion (Canada), Inc.
- Pharma Medica Research, Inc.
- Reena Group of Companies, Inc.
- SGS Canada, Inc.
- Sigma Analytical Services, Inc.
- The Vimy Ridge Group Ltd.
- Toronto Research Chemicals, Inc.
- Transpharm Canada, Inc.
- Tweed, Inc.
- Vivariant Laboratories, Inc.
- Wyndham Forensic Group, Inc.
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
- Activation Laboratories Ltd.
- AGAT Laboratories Ltd.
- AXXONLAB, Inc.
- C-CREST Laboratories, Inc.
- Drug Analysis Service
- Intertek Testing Services (ITS) Canada Ltd.
- Laboratoire PhytoChemia, Inc.
- Laboratoires KABS, Inc.
- LaboVal, Inc.
- MS Pharma, Inc.
- Neopharm Labs, Inc.
- Pathogenia, Inc.
- Pharmascience, Inc.
- SGS Canada, Inc.
Saskatchewan
- AGAT Laboratories Ltd.
- Intertek Testing Services (ITS) Canada Ltd.
- Saskatchewan Research Council
- SGS Canada, Inc.
- ZYUS Life Sciences, Inc.
Yukon
United States
The prevalence of testing laboratories in any given state depends on a few factors: legalization status, state laws regarding testing, and strictness of regulations. Labs typically appear as stand-alone, third-party entities. Though not common, some testing laboratories are located within dispensaries (e.g., Champlain Valley Dispensary in Vermont[2]) and treatment centers (e.g., Sanctuary ATC in New Hampshire.[3]).
The following are known active cannabis testing labs (those currently in the licensing process are not included):
Alaska
- CannTest, LLC
- Fairbanks Analytical Testing, LLC
- Peak Analytical, LLC
- Southeast Alaska Laboratories, LLC
- The New Frontier Research, LLC
Arizona:
- C4 Laboratories, LLC
- Cannabinoid Chemist, LLC
- Delta Verde Laboratory, LLC
- Desert Valley Testing, LLC
- Kanna-Bosm Labs, LLC
- Legend Technical Services, Inc.
Arkansas:
California:
- 2 River Labs, Inc.
- 8 Lane Investments, Inc.
- American Biotech Testing, Inc.
- Anresco, Inc.
- BelCosta Labs Long Beach, LLC
- Brightside Scientific, Inc.
- California Cannabis Testing Labs, Inc.
- Caligreen Laboratory, Inc.
- CanMedLabs, LLC
- CB Labs Management, LLC
- Certified Ag Labs, LLC
- Coastal Analytical, Inc.
- Consumables Analytical Laboratory, LLC
- Consumer Safety Analytics, LLC
- Convergence Laboratories, Inc.
- CWAL, Inc.
- Deibel Laboratories
- Earth Labs, LLC
- Encore Labs, LLC
- EVIO, Inc.
- Forensic Analytical Laboratories, Inc.
- Gala Pharmaceutical, Inc.
- Green Leaf Lab, LLC
- Greenlight Research and Testing Laboratory, LLC
- Harrens Lab, Inc.
- Infinite Chemical Analysis Labs, LLC
- Integrated Analytical Solutions, Inc.
- Labs-Mart, Inc.
- Landau Laboratories, Inc.
- Materia Medica Laboratories, Inc.
- Merso Labs, Inc.
- Nascient, LLC
- Neelum Holdings, LLC
- North Coast Laboratories Ltd.
- PacLab Analytics, LLC
- PH Solutions, LLC
- PharmLabs, LLC
- Pure Analytics, LLC
- QC Labs, Inc.
- SC Laboratories, Inc.
- SCR Living, LLC
- Sonoma Lab Works, LLC
- Spectrum CannaLabs, Inc.
- Steep Hill, Inc.
- True Science Laboratories, LLC
- Verity Analytics, LLC
Colorado:
- Agricor Laboratories, LLC
- Agriscience Labs, Inc.
- Aurum Laboratories, LLC
- Bona Fides Laboratory, Inc.
- Botanacor Laboratories, LLC
- EVIO, Inc.
- Gobi Analytical, Inc.
- Green Lab Solutions Company, LLC
- Nordic Analytical Laboratories, LLC
- PhytaTech CO, LLC
- Rm3 Labs Colorado, LLC
- TEQ Analytical Laboratories, Inc.
Connecticut:
Delaware:
- High Tide Lab Company (formerly AgroLab Organics) (State-contracted[4][5])
District of Columbia:
Florida:
Hawaii:
Idaho
Illinois:
Louisiana:
Due to an absence of independent testing labs, the Louisiana Department of Agriculture is testing, as of October 2018[6] The Department of Agriculture is jointly working with the LSU AgCenter's Agricultural Chemistry Department to test for the state's fledgling medical marijuana program.[7]
Maine:
Maryland:
Massachusetts:
Michigan:
- ACT Laboratories, Inc.
- Iron Laboratories, LLC
- Palmatier Enterprises, Inc.
- Precision Safety Innovation Laboratories, LLC
- Steadfast, LLC
Minnesota:
Not clear; independent labs must be approved by Commissioner of Health.[8] Two labs—Aspen Research Corporation and Legend Technical Services, Inc.—were approved to do testing in 2015, but neither lists those services on their website.[9]
Missouri:
Medical marijuana passed in November 2018.[10] In late December 2019, Missouri announced a list of 10 labs that were approved for medical marijuana testing.[11]
- Botannis Labs Mo. Corp.
- ClearWater Science, LLC
- Cloud TEN, LLC
- ContiCorp, LLC
- EKG Life Science Solutions, LLC
- Farma Laboratories, LLC
- GCA, Inc.
- Green Hills Labs, LLC
- Green Orchard Labs, LLC
- Inovatia AgriTesting Services, LLC
Montana:
- Clear Brew Technologies, LLC
- Fidelity Diagnostics Laboratory, LLC
- Mission Mountain Laboratories, Inc.
- Montana BioTech
- Stillwater Laboratories, Inc.
Nevada:
- 374 Labs, LLC
- Cannex Nevada, LLC
- Certified Ag Lab, LLC
- DB Labs, LLC
- Digipath Labs, Inc.
- G3 Labs, LLC
- MA & Associates, LLC
- MM Lab, Inc.
- NV Cann Labs, LLC
New Hampshire:
The state mandates testing, but it's not clear which independent laboratories are approved to do so. Alternative treatment centers may be responsible for own testing. Nelson Analytical, LLC may be licensed to test cannabis in New Hampshire, but it's not clear.
New Jersey:
Cannabis testing is mostly performed by the Department of Health and Senior Services.[12] However, Cannalytics, LLC and Steep Hill, Inc. may also be licensed to test in New Jersey.
New Mexico:
New York:
"The Department's Wadsworth Center Laboratory will perform initial testing and analysis of final medical marijuana products until independent laboratories receive certification from the New York State Environmental Laboratory Approval Program (ELAP)."[13]
North Carolina:
- Avazyme, Inc. (Industrial hemp testing)
North Dakota:
The state mandates that its compassion centers must test cannabis in-house or have it done by a contracted facility.[14] Currently Keystone State Testing, LLC DBA Dakota State Testing is the only option, selected by the state for testing in May 2018.[15]
Ohio:
Oklahoma:
The deadline for laboratory testing to be mandated got bumped to April 1, 2020.[16]
- 405 Analytical, LLC
- Baseline Laboratories, LLC
- Bud's Testing, LLC
- Delta9 Labs, LLC
- Express Toxicology Services, LLC
- FAST Laboratories of Oklahoma City, LLC
- Green Country Testing, Inc.
- OK Compliance Testing Lab, LLC
- PureLabs-OKC, LLC
- Steep Hill, Inc.
- TJB Restricted Holdings, LLC
Oregon
- 3B Analytical, LLC
- Anova Laboratory, LLC
- ChemHistory, LLC
- CS Laboratories, Inc.
- EVIO, Inc.
- Green Leaf Lab, LLC
- Iron Laboratories, LLC
- Juniper Analytics, LLC
- Lightscale, Inc.
- MW Labs, LLC
- PacLab Analytics, LLC
- Phylos Bioscience, Inc.
- Pixis Labs, LLC
- PREE Laboratories, LLC
- Reference Labs, LLC
- Rose City Laboratories, LLC
- SC Laboratories, Inc.
- Steep Hill, Inc.
Pennsylvania:
Rhode Island:
Rhode Island Department of Health began taking applications for testing labs in September 2018.[17] Currently approved is East Coast Labs, LLC. As of February 2020, it's still not clear what laboratories, if any, the state has approved for cannabis testing.
Utah:
Medical marijuana passed in November 2018 and the state was still working on laboratory testing terms.[18] In November 2019, the application process for laboratories opened up.[19]
Vermont:
The Department of Public Safety "may require laboratory testing of cannabis produced by a registered dispensary. The Department may specify the testing methodology. The registered dispensary shall bear the costs of any testing required by the Department."[20]
- Champlain Valley Dispenary (News article indicates may be accepting testing from non-patients; $75-$125/sample for potency[21])
- Nutraceutical Science Laboratories, LLC
Washington:
- Analytical 360, LLC
- Anatek Labs, Inc.
- Capitol Analysis Group, LLC
- Confidence Analytics, Inc.
- GOAT Labs, Inc.
- Institute of Food Safety & Defense, LLC
- Integrity Labs, LLC
- Plaindoor, LLC
- Puyallup Tribal Cannabis Enterprises, Inc.
- Steep Hill, Inc.
- Testing Technologies, Inc.
- Trace Analytics, Inc.
- Treeline Analytics, LLC
- True Northwest, Inc.
West Virginia:
As of late 2018, West Virginia was still working on developing its medical cannabis program. Draft legislation says the Bureau for Public Health will be responsible for approving testing laboratories.[22] An update to its "Growers/Processors/Dispensaries/Laboratories" FAQ was made in February 2020[23], and the application period for such businesses was set to close on February 18, 2020.[23]
Wisconsin:
Mexico
Recreational cannabis was potentially going to be legalized in Mexico in 2019.[24][25] However, the push to legalize was stalled until April 30, 2020, and it may get pushed back further.[26] Even then, legalization maybe be limited to medical applications, according to statements by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[27]
References
- ↑ "Laboratories licensed to conduct activities with cannabis". Health Canada. Government of Canada. 31 January 2020. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/list-licensed-dealers.html. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ↑ "Our Quality Commitment". Champlain Valley Dispensary, Inc. http://www.cvdvt.org/products/quality-commitment/. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- ↑ "New Hampshire Therapeutic Cannabis Laboratory Analysis — Therapeutic Uses". Sanctuary ATC. http://www.sanctuaryatc.org/laboratory-analysis-nh.php. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- ↑ Flood, C. (15 November 2016). "State contracts medical marijuana tester". Cape Gazette. http://www.capegazette.com/article/state-contracts-medical-marijuana-tester/120159. Retrieved 02 March 2017.
- ↑ Cape Gazette (17 April 2019). "Statewide testing keeps medical marijuana safe for users". DelBook.com. https://www.delbook.com/statewide-testing-keeps-medical-marijuana-safe-for-users/. Retrieved 07 May 2019.
- ↑ Karlin, S. (23 October 2018). "Louisiana medical marijuana delayed after state forced to do product testing, company says". The Advocate. https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/business/article_b05f7ca4-d6fe-11e8-b997-8ff7036b6c47.html. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ↑ Boone, T. (17 April 2019). "Louisiana ag commissioner hopes to get medical marijuana products on approved pharmacy shelves in May". The Advocate. https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/business/article_14dcfe5c-6158-11e9-8480-5b6d2335b4c0.html. Retrieved 07 May 2019.
- ↑ Klarqvist, E. (August 2016). "Minnesota’s Medical Cannabis Therapeutic Research Act" (PDF). Minnesota House of Representatives. http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hrd/pubs/MCTRA.pdf. Retrieved 02 March 2017.
- ↑ "Public Health Laboratory Annual Report: Fiscal Year 2015" (PDF). Minnesota Department of Health Public Health Laboratory. 2016. https://www.leg.state.mn.us/docs/2016/other/160894.pdf. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ↑ Marso, A. (16 November 2018). "Medical marijuana in Missouri: When—and if—you can get it". The Kansas City Star. https://www.kansascity.com/living/health-fitness/article221302705.html. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ↑ Holman, G.J. (19 December 2019). "Medical marijuana: Missouri notifies winners of testing lab licenses". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/local/ozarks/2019/12/19/medical-marijuana-missouri-notifies-winners-10-testing-lab-licenses/2698035001/. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ↑ "Medicinal Marijuana Program Rules" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. 23 November 2011. http://www.state.nj.us/health/medicalmarijuana/documents/final_rules.pdf. Retrieved 02 March 2017.
- ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". New York State Medical Marijuana Program. New York State Department of Health. March 2016. https://www.health.ny.gov/regulations/medical_marijuana/faq.htm. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- ↑ "Initiated Constitutional Amendment No. 5" (PDF). North Dakota Secretary of State. 2016. https://vip.sos.nd.gov/pdfs/Measures%20Info/2016%20General/Measure%205.pdf. Retrieved 02 March 2017.
- ↑ "North Dakota chooses medical marijuana laboratory company". The Associated Press. 21 May 2018. https://www.apnews.com/397eab5555e84454af2833c2763ba481. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ↑ Office of Communications (14 February 2020). "Laboratory Deadline Set". Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority. http://omma.ok.gov/laboratory-deadline-set. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ↑ Bentley, J. (17 September 2018). "RI Department of Health Seeking Medical Marijuana Testing Labs". Patch - Newport. https://patch.com/rhode-island/newport/ri-department-health-seeking-medical-marijuana-testing-labs. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
- ↑ Utah State Legislature (14 November 2018). "Utah Medical Cannabis Act Overview" (PDF). State of Utah. https://le.utah.gov/interim/2018/pdf/00004612.pdf. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
- ↑ "Laboratory & Testing". State of Utah. November 2019. https://medicalcannabis.utah.gov/production/labs/. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ↑ "Rules Regulating Cannabis for Symptom Relief" (PDF). Vermont Department of Public Safety. 30 November 2015. http://vcic.vermont.gov/sites/vcic/files/files/marijuana-registry/MR-Rules-Regulating-Cannabis-for-Symptom-Relief.pdf. Retrieved 02 March 2017.
- ↑ Baird, J.B. (12 June 2018). "Test the potency of your VT homegrown marijuana". Burlington Free Press. https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2018/06/12/vermonters-can-legally-test-cannabis-potency/659507002/. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ↑ Bureau for Public Health (14 December 2017). "Title 64, Legislative Rule, Bureau for Public Health, Series 111, Medical Cannabis Program - Laboratories" (PDF). State of West Virginia. http://dhhr.wv.gov/bph/Documents/MedicalCannabis/Proposed%20Rules/Medical%20Cannabis%20Program%20-%20Laboratories%20-%2064%20CSR%20111%20v1.pdf. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Office of Medical Cannabis". Bureau for Public Health. State of West Virginia. https://dhhr.wv.gov/bph/Pages/Medical-Cannabis-Program.aspx. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ↑ Hasse, J. (12 February 2019). "This Former President Thinks Mexico Could Soon Be Exporting Cannabis To The U.S., Legally". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/javierhasse/2019/02/12/this-former-president-thinks-mexico-could-soon-be-exporting-cannabis-to-the-us-legally/. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ↑ Jaeger, K. (8 February 2019). "Mexican Senate Report Lays Out Marijuana Legalization Considerations". Marijuana Moment. https://www.marijuanamoment.net/mexican-senate-report-lays-out-marijuana-legalization-considerations/. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ↑ Williams, S. (16 November 2019). "News Flash: Recreational Marijuana in Mexico Is Going to Have to Wait". The Motley Fool. https://www.fool.com/investing/2019/11/16/news-flash-recreational-marijuana-in-mexico-is-goi.aspx. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ↑ Jaeger, K. (26 February 2020). "Mexican President Wants Focus On Medical Marijuana As Senators Consider Broader Legalization". Marijuana Moment. https://www.marijuanamoment.net/mexican-president-wants-focus-on-medical-marijuana-as-senators-consider-broader-legalization/. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
Citation information for this chapter
Chapters: 6. Final thoughts and 7. Resources
Title: Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States
Edition: Second edition
Author for citation: Shawn E. Douglas
License for content: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Publication date: May 2019