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'''Cytopathology''' is a branch of cytology and pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. While cytopathology is closely related to [[histopathology]], the main difference is diagnostic information gained from cytopathology is acquired from disaggregated cell preparations rather than solid tissue samples.
'''"[[Journal:ChromaWizard: An open-source image analysis software for multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis|ChromaWizard: An open-source image analysis software for multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis]]"'''


A common application of cytopathology is the Pap smear, used as a screening tool, to detect precancerous cervical lesions and prevent cervical cancer. Cytopathology is also commonly used to investigate thyroid lesions, diseases involving sterile body cavities (peritoneal, pleural, and cerebrospinal), and a wide range of other body sites. It is usually used to aid in the diagnosis of cancer, but also helps in the diagnosis of certain infectious diseases and other inflammatory conditions. Cytopathology is generally used on samples of free cells or tissue fragments, in contrast to [[histopathology]], which studies whole tissues.
Multicolor image analysis finds its applications in a broad range of biological studies. Specifically, multiplex [[wikipedia:Fluorescence in situ hybridization|fluorescence ''in situ'' hybridization]] (M‐FISH) for chromosome painting facilitates the analysis of individual chromosomes in complex metaphase spreads and is widely used to detect both numerical and structural aberrations. While this is well established for human and mouse [[wikipedia:Karyotype|karyotypes]], for which species sophisticated software and analysis tools are available, other organisms and species are less well served. Commercially available software is proprietary and not easily adaptable to other karyotypes. Therefore, a publicly available open-source software that combines flexibility and customizable functionalities is needed. Here we present such a tool, called “ChromaWizard,” which is based on popular scientific image analysis libraries (OpenCV, scikit‐image, and NumPy). We demonstrate its functionality on the example of primary Chinese hamster (''Cricetulus griseus'') fibroblasts metaphase spreads and on Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, known for their large number of chromosomal rearrangements. ('''[[Journal:ChromaWizard: An open-source image analysis software for multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis|Full article...]]''')<br />
 
Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow is considered by many to be one of the fathers of cellular pathology, remembered most for his collection of lectures on the topic, published as ''Cellular Pathology'' in 1858. ('''[[Cytopathology|Full article...]]''')<br />
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''Recently featured'': [[Clinical pathology]], [[Anatomical pathology]], [[Information]]
''Recently featured'':
: ▪ [[Journal:Haves and have nots must find a better way: The case for open scientific hardware|Haves and have nots must find a better way: The case for open scientific hardware]]
: ▪ [[Journal:CytoConverter: A web-based tool to convert karyotypes to genomic coordinates|CytoConverter: A web-based tool to convert karyotypes to genomic coordinates]]
: ▪ [[Journal:Implementing a novel quality improvement-based approach to data quality monitoring and enhancement in a multipurpose clinical registry|Implementing a novel quality improvement-based approach to data quality monitoring and enhancement in a multipurpose clinical registry]]

Revision as of 22:58, 24 February 2020

Fig4 Auer CytometryPartA2018 93-7.jpg

"ChromaWizard: An open-source image analysis software for multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis"

Multicolor image analysis finds its applications in a broad range of biological studies. Specifically, multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M‐FISH) for chromosome painting facilitates the analysis of individual chromosomes in complex metaphase spreads and is widely used to detect both numerical and structural aberrations. While this is well established for human and mouse karyotypes, for which species sophisticated software and analysis tools are available, other organisms and species are less well served. Commercially available software is proprietary and not easily adaptable to other karyotypes. Therefore, a publicly available open-source software that combines flexibility and customizable functionalities is needed. Here we present such a tool, called “ChromaWizard,” which is based on popular scientific image analysis libraries (OpenCV, scikit‐image, and NumPy). We demonstrate its functionality on the example of primary Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) fibroblasts metaphase spreads and on Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, known for their large number of chromosomal rearrangements. (Full article...)

Recently featured:

Haves and have nots must find a better way: The case for open scientific hardware
CytoConverter: A web-based tool to convert karyotypes to genomic coordinates
Implementing a novel quality improvement-based approach to data quality monitoring and enhancement in a multipurpose clinical registry