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<div class="nonumtoc">__TOC__</div>
{{ombox
| type      = notice
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| text      = This is sublevel2 of my sandbox, where I play with features and test MediaWiki code. If you wish to leave a comment for me, please see [[User_talk:Shawndouglas|my discussion page]] instead.<p></p>
}}


==Sandbox begins below==
This last section of the guide provides closing thoughts to tie together what was previously discussed. It also provides a directory of cannabis testing, standards, etc. resources for readers wanting to learn more.
<div align="center">-----Return to [[User:Shawndouglas/Sandbox|the beginning]] of this guide-----</div>
__TOC__
==6. Final thoughts==
This guide has attempted to provide insight into various aspects of the current status of laboratory testing of cannabis in the U.S. By extension, it has required a closer look at many non-testing or tangentially related aspects of cannabis, including history, regulations, standards, methods, equipment, and software. The guide has also attempted to look at the potential future of testing, a more difficult feat that has required inspection of—and speculation on—a mix of statistics and politics, as well as government and social policy and how they may all affect the future of cannabis testing. We learned that many point fingers at the U.S. federal government for being responsible for several cannabis-related issues, including lack of clear government support for cannabis research, lack of standardization of testing and analysis methods for said research, and wavering policy that remains inconsistent at best. At root is the fact that the federal government maintains cannabis (and its constituents) as a Schedule I drug, by extension declaring that it has no respectable medical use. This and related decisions have slowed down the academic study of cannabis (in the U.S.), including its analysis, quality testing, and research and use as a medical treatment. The development, implementation, and reassessment of cultivation and testing standards and methods have largely been piecemeal; additionally, those efforts have been enacted in an environment where, despite the legal status in a state, fear that the federal government will inevitably intervene slows progress even further.
Despite these barriers, the speed at which U.S. states have adopted some form of legalization of cannabis has pushed scientists and researchers to collaborate and improve standards and methods. Necessity continues to be the mother of invention, driving those in the industry to adapt or perish in a difficult, inconsistent market. State officials are teaming up at industry conferences and sharing ideas. Non-profit organizations are joining forces with major standards agencies to expand and improve good laboratory practices. Researchers—whether on their own or with the help of others internationally—are learning more about the various cannabinoids and their interaction with terpenes, driving new insight into potential therapeutic remedies. Overall public perception about marijuana consumption and use is gradually shifting towards a positive light, even when so little is still understood about the long-term ramifications of its use. Commercial interests are taking notice, and so are international treaty makers. All of this adds up to forward momentum in the cannabis industry, with warts and all.
Many factors will affect the future of cannabis regulation, testing, and research; in the process, we're certain to see both ups and downs as political and social climates continue to change. However, as marijuana consumption and hemp-based manufacturing methods continue to see expanded support, consumers and manufacturers, as well as all those involved in between, will always clamor for a safer product that is "as advertised." Laboratory analysis will play an important role in that effort, whether it's in the medical research lab, the quality control lab, or the manufacturer's lab. It will be imperative for all interested parties to further work together to ensure methods are sound and standardized in a realistic and beneficial way to ensure that in the end consumers will get the best possible product available.
==7. Resources==
===Key reading===
* {{cite web |url=https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf |format=PDF |title=Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs |author=Association of Public Health Laboratories |pages=35 |date=May 2016}}
* {{cite journal |title=''Cannabis sativa'': The plant of the thousand and one molecules |journal=Frontiers in Plant Medicine |author=Andre, C.M.; Hausman, J.-F.; Guerriero, G. |volume=7 |pages=19 |year=2016 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2016.00019 |pmid=26870049 |pmc=PMC4740396}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.aocs.org/stay-informed/read-inform/featured-articles/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016 |title=The Highs and Lows of Cannabis Testing |author=Cassiday, L. |work=INFORM |publisher=American Oil Chemists' Society |date=October 2016}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/big-marijuana-1.pdf |format=PDF |title=Worry about bad marijuana — not Big Marijuana |author=Hudak, J.; Rauch, J. |publisher=The Brookings Institution |pages=18 |date=June 2016}}
* {{cite journal |title=Cannabis and the Opioid Crisis |journal=Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research |author=Piomelli, D.; Weiss, S.; Boyd, G. et al. |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=108-16 |year=2018 |doi=10.1089/can.2018.29011.rtl |pmid=29789812 |pmc=PMC5931647}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/bootleggers.pdf |format=PDF |title=Bootleggers, Baptists, bureaucrats, and bongs: How special interests will shape marijuana legalization |author=Wallach, P.; Rauch, J. |publisher=The Brookings Institution |pages=22 |date=June 2016}}
===Reference material===
* {{cite journal |title=Phytochemistry of ''Cannabis sativa'' L. |journal=Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products |author=ElSohly, M.A.; Radwan, M.M.; Gul, W. et al. |volume=103 |pages=1–36 |year=2017 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_1 |pmid=28120229}}
* {{cite web |url=http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/reports/2017/health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids.aspx |title=The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research |author=National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |publisher=The National Academies Press |pages=440 |doi=10.17226/24625 |date=12 January 2017}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.ncsl.org/bookstore/state-legislatures-magazine/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx |title=Marijuana Deep Dive |author=National Conference of State Legislatures |date=2016}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/marijuanainfo |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20170117133745/https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/marijuanainfo |title=Marijuana Resource Center |author=Office of National Drug Control Policy |archivedate=17 January 2017}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Hs5PCgAAQBAJ |title=The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis |author=Thomas, B.F.; ElSohly, M.A. |editor=Thomas, B.F |publisher=Elsevier |pages=132 |year=2016 |isbn=9780128046708}}
* {{cite book |url=http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/cannabis/en/ |title=The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use |author=World Health Organization |editor=Hall, W.; Renström, M.; Poznyak, V |publisher=World Health Organization |pages=95 |year=2016 |isbn=978921510240}}
====Law and regulation====
* {{cite web |url=http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881 |title=33 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC: Laws, Fees, and Possession Limits |work=ProCon.org |date=13 November 2018}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/home-cannabis-cultivation-laws-a-state-by-state-guide |title=Home Cannabis Cultivation Laws: A State-by-State Guide |work=Leafly - Cannabis 101 |publisher=Leafly Holdings, Inc |date=29 September 2017}}
* {{cite web |url=https://smallbusiness.findlaw.com/business-laws-and-regulations/marijuana-business-licenses-permits-and-planning.html |title=Marijuana Business: Licenses, Permits, and Planning |work=FindLaw |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx |title=State Medical Marijuana Laws |author=National Conference of State Legislatures |date=08 November 2018}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.leafly.com/news/industry/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations |title=Leafly’s State-by-State Guide to Cannabis Testing Regulations |author=Rough, Lisa |work=Leafly - Industry |publisher=Leafly Holdings, Inc |date=24 August 2017}}
====Publications and blogs====
* ''[http://home.liebertpub.com/publications/cannabis-and-cannabinoid-research/633/ Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research]''
* ''[https://www.cannabisbusinessexecutive.com/ Cannabis Business Executive]''
* ''[https://cannabisindustryjournal.com/ Cannabis Industry Journal]''
* ''[http://www.cannabissciencetech.com/ Cannabis Science and Technology]''
* ''[http://cannabisscienceblog.com/ Cannabis Science Blog]''
* ''[https://mjbizdaily.com/ Marijuana Business Daily]''
* ''[https://www.medicaljane.com/ MedicalJane]''
* ''[https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v525/n7570_supp/index.html Nature Outlook: Cannabis]''
* ''[https://beyondthc.com/ O’Shaughnessy’s]''
* ''[http://terpenesandtesting.com/ Terpenes and Testing Magazine]''
* ''[https://www.thompsoncoburn.com/insights/blogs/tracking-cannabis Tracking Cannabis]'' - Thomas Coburn LLP
====Standards and guidance====
* {{cite web |url=https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/D37.htm |title=Committee D37 on Cannabis |publisher=ASTM International}} (See each [https://www.astm.org/COMMIT/SUBCOMMIT/D37.htm sub-committee] for proposed and approved standards)
* {{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/ucm2006955.htm |title=Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM) |publisher=United States Food and Drug Administration |date=19 September 2018}}
* {{cite web |url=https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/methods/rammethods/web/html/ram12b.html |title=Residue Analytical Methods (RAM) |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |date=20 February 2016}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2016/11/pu/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf |format=PDF |title=Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries |author=Bureau of Health Care Safety and Quality |publisher=Massachusetts Department of Public Health |pages=25 |date=05 February 2016}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.ahpa.org/Portals/0/pdfs/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf |format=PDF |title=Recommendations for Regulators – Cannabis Operations |author=Cannabis Committee, AHPA |publisher=American Herbal Products Association |date=05 February 2016}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/foodscienceresearch/laboratorymethods/ucm377005.pdf |format=PDF |title=Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, and Other Elements in Food Using Microwave Assisted Digestion |publisher=United States Food and Drug Administration |author=Gray, P.J.; Mindak, W.R.; Cheng, J. |date=March 2015}}
* {{cite book |url=http://www.herbal-ahp.org/order_online.htm |title=''Cannabis Inflorescence'': ''Cannabis'' spp. |publisher=American Herbal Pharmacopoeia |editor=Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al. |year=2014 |isbn=1929425333}}
====Accreditation and certification====
* {{cite web |url=https://safeaccess2.org/patientfocusedcertification// |title=Patient Focused Certification |author=Americans for Safe Access Foundation}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.certified-kind.com/ |title=Certified Kind: Certification for Responsibly Grown Cannabis |author=Certified Kind, LLC}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cleangreencert.org/ |title=Clean Green Certified |author=Clean Green Certified}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.theemeraldtest.com/ |title=The Emerald Test |author=Emerald Scientific, LLC}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.pjlabs.com/accreditation-programs/medical-marijuana-testing |title=Accreditation Programs: Medical Marijuana Testing |author=Perry Johnson Laboratory Accreditation, Inc}}
====Testing====
* {{cite web |url=https://www.a2la.org/accreditation/cannabis-testing |title=Cannabis Testing Laboratory Accreditation Program |author=American Association of Laboratory Accreditation}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.aphl.org/programs/environmental_health/Pages/Cannabis-Testing.aspx |title=Cannabis Testing |author=Association of Public Health Laboratories |date=2018}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf |format=PDF |title=Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs |author=Association of Public Health Laboratories |pages=35 |date=May 2016}}
* {{cite web |url=https://lcb.wa.gov/publications/Marijuana/BOTEC%20reports/1a-Testing-for-Contaminants-Final-Revised.pdf |format=PDF |title=Testing ''Cannabis'' for Contaminants |author=Daley, P.; Lampach, D.; Sguerra, S. |publisher=BOTEC Analysis Corp |date=12 September 2013}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/ST-NAR-40-Ebook_1.pdf |format=PDF |title=Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of cannabis and cannabis products |author=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |date=September 2009}} (Note year; still provides historical perspective)
* {{cite web |url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/STNAR48_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_ENG.pdf |format=PDF |title=Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in seized materials |author=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |date=June 2013}}
'''New York State Department of Health''':
* {{cite web |url=https://www.wadsworth.org/sites/default/files/WebDoc/359205661/MML-303-01.pdf |format=PDF |title=Measurement of Mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS, NYS DOH MML-303  |author=Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry |publisher=New York State Department of Health |pages=43 |date=18 November 2015}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.wadsworth.org/sites/default/files/WebDoc/576578963/MML-300-01.pdf |format=PDF |title=Measurement of Phytocannabinoids using HPLC-PDA, NYS DOH MML-300 |author=Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry |publisher=New York State Department of Health |pages=34 |date=03 November 2015}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.wadsworth.org/sites/default/files/WebDoc/1495494332/MML-301-01.pdf |format=PDF |title=Medical marijuana sample preparation protocols for potency analysis, NYS DOH MML-301 |author=Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry |publisher=New York State Department of Health |pages=13 |date=03 November 2015}}
* For all other methods documents, see [https://www.wadsworth.org/regulatory/elap/medical-marijuana https://www.wadsworth.org/regulatory/elap/medical-marijuana].
===Scientific conferences and trade shows===
* {{cite web |url=https://cannabis-marijuana.neurologyconference.com/ |title=Cannabis and Medicinal Research Conference |publisher=Conference Series, LLC}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.cannabisbusinesssummit.com/ |title=Cannabis Business Summit and Expo |publisher=National Cannabis Industry Association}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cannabisscienceconference.com/ |title=Cannabis Science Conference |publisher=jCanna, Inc}}
* {{cite web |url=https://terpenesandtesting.com/conference-2019/ |title=Concentration 2019: A Cannabis Extraction Conference |publisher=Terpenes and Testing Magazine}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.canna-tech.co/ |title=CannaTech |publisher=iCAN Israel Cannabis}}
* {{cite web |url=https://cannx.org/ |title=CannX |publisher=Paragon Israel}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.theemeraldconference.com/ |title=Emerald Conference |publisher=Emerald Scientific, LLC}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.csupueblo.edu/institute-of-cannabis-research/ |title=Institute of Cannabis Research Conference |publisher=Colorado State University - Pueblo}}
* {{cite web |url=https://internationalcbc.com/ |title=International Cannabis Business Conference |publisher=International Conferences Group, LLC}}
* {{cite web |url=https://mjbizconference.com/ |title=Marijuana Business Conference & Expo |publisher=Anne Holland Ventures, Inc}}
* {{cite web |url=http://patientsoutoftime.org/ |title=National Clinical Conference on Cannabis Therapeutics |publisher=Patients Out of Time}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.compassionatecertificationcenters.com/2019-world-medical-cannabis-conference-expo/ |title=World Medical Cannabis Conference & Expo |publisher=Present Syndikos LLC}}
===Associations, organizations, and interest groups===
* [https://www.agriculturalgenomics.org/ Agricultural Genomics Foundation]
* [https://cannabisnurses.org/ American Cannabis Nurses Association]
* [http://dchas.org/cann/ American Chemical Society, Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision]
* [http://www.ahpa.org/ American Herbal Products Association]
* [https://ammpa.net/ American Medical Marijuana Physicians Association]
* [https://www.aocs.org/ American Oil Chemists Society]
* [https://atach.org/ American Trade Association for Cannabis & Hemp]
* [https://www.safeaccessnow.org/ Americans for Safe Access]
* [https://www.cannabis-specialists.org/ Association of Cannabis Specialists]
* [http://www.cacannabislabs.com/ Association of Commercial Cannabis Laboratories]
* [https://cannabis-council.ca/ Cannabis Council of Canada]
* [http://www.chascience.com/ Cannabis Horticultural Association]
* [http://cannabissafetyinstitute.org/ Cannabis Safety Institute]
* [https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/organization/workgroups-interest-groups-consortia/cannabis-science-interest-csi-group Cannabis Science Interest (CSI) Group], part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse
* [https://www.cannabistradefederation.com/ Cannabis Trade Federation]
* [http://cannabisandsocialpolicy.org/ Center for the Study of Cannabis and Social Policy]
* [https://dfcr.org/ Doctors for Cannabis Regulation]
* [https://www.focusstandards.org/ Foundation of Cannabis Unified Standards]
* [https://thehia.org/ Hemp Industries Association]
* [https://herogrown.org/ HeroGrown]
* [https://www.cannabis-med.org/ International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines]
* [http://icrs.co/ International Cannabinoid Research Society]
* [https://www.icci.science/en International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute]
* [https://medicalcannabissociety.org/ Medical Cannabis Society]
* [https://minoritycannabis.org/ Minority Cannabis Business Association]
* [https://maps.org/ Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies]
* [https://www.nacb.com/ National Association of Cannabis Businesses]
* [https://www.canbar.org/ National Cannabis Bar Association]
* [https://thecannabisindustry.org/ National Cannabis Industry Association]
* [https://nationalhempassociation.org/ National Hemp Association]
* [https://norml.org/ NORML]
* [http://patientsoutoftime.org/ Patients Out of Time]
* [https://www.projectcbd.org/ Project CBD]
* [https://learnaboutsam.org/ Smart Approaches to Marijuana]
* [http://www.cannabisclinicians.org/ Society of Cannabis Clinicians]
* [https://themedicalcannabisinstitute.org/ The Medical Cannabis Institute]
* [https://www.vetscp.org/ Veterans Cannabis Project]
* [https://womengrow.com/ Women Grow]
====Regional====
* [https://www.alaskamarijuanaindustry.org/ Alaska Marijuana Industry Association]
* [http://azmca.wpengine.com/ Arizona Medical Cannabis Association]
* [https://arcannabis.org/ Arkansas Cannabis Industry Association]
* [https://www.armedicalmarijuana.org/ Arkansas Medical Marijuana Association]
* [https://www.cacannabisindustry.org/ California Cannabis Industry Association]
* [http://www.cocannabischamber.com/ Colorado Cannabis Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://coleads.org/ Colorado Leads]
* [http://delawarecannabis.org/ Delaware Cannabis Advocacy Network]
* [http://www.floridaforcare.org/ Florida for Care]
* [http://fmcia.org/ Florida Medical Cannabis Industry Association]
* [http://hawaiidispensaryalliance.org/ Hawaiʻi Dispensary Alliance]
* [https://lvmma.org/ Las Vegas Medical Marijuana Association] (Nevada)
* [http://marijuanaindustrygroup.org/ Marijuana Industry Group] (Colorado)
* [http://mita-az.org/ Marijuana Industry Trade Association ] (Arizona)
* [https://www.mdmda.org/ Maryland Medical Dispensary Association]
* [http://www.canmd.org/ Maryland Wholesale Medical Cannabis Trade Association]
* [http://www.baystatecannabisgrowers.com/ Massachusetts Medical Marijuana Dispensers' Association]
* [http://www.mca-il.com/ Medical Cannabis Alliance of Illinois]
* [http://mcchi.org/ Medical Cannabis Coalition of Hawaii]
* [http://mmcm-online.org/ Medical Marijuana Caregivers of Maine]
* [https://www.michiganmedicalmarijuana.org/ Michigan Medical Marijuana Association]
* [https://www.mtcia.org/ Montana Cannabis Industry Association]
* [http://nciaohio.org/ National Cannabis Industry Association of Ohio]
* [http://www.nvdispense.com/ Nevada Dispensary Association]
* [https://newjerseycia.org/ New Jersey Cannabis Industry Association]
* [http://ohiocannabisassociation.com/ Ohio Cannabis Association]
* [http://orcannabisassociation.org/ Oregon Cannabis Association]
* [https://oregoncbc.com/ Oregon Cannabis Business Council]
* [https://www.texascannabisindustry.org/ Texas Cannabis Industry Association]
* [https://www.wacannabusiness.org/ Washington CannabBusiness Association]
* [http://www.cannabisregulatory.org/ Washington Cannabis Laboratory Association]
* [http://www.washingtonsungrowers.org/ Washington Sungrowers Industry Association]
===Testing labs and pricing info===
The prevalence of testing laboratories in any given state depends on a few factors: legalization status, state laws regarding testing, and strictness of regulations. Labs typically appear as stand-alone, third-party entities. Though not common, some testing laboratories are located within dispensaries (e.g., Champlain Valley Dispensary in Vermont<ref name="CVDOurQuality">{{cite web |url=http://www.cvdvt.org/products/quality-commitment/ |title=Our Quality Commitment |publisher=Champlain Valley Dispensary, Inc |accessdate=24 February 2017}}</ref>) and treatment centers (e.g., Sanctuary ATC in New Hampshire.<ref name="SATCAnalysis">{{cite web |url=http://www.sanctuaryatc.org/laboratory-analysis-nh.php |title=New Hampshire Therapeutic Cannabis Laboratory Analysis — Therapeutic Uses |publisher=Sanctuary ATC |accessdate=24 February 2017}}</ref>).
The following are known active cannabis testing labs (those currently in the licensing process are not included):
'''Alaska'''
* [http://www.canntest.com/ Canntest] ($70–$230, single and package tests)
* [https://thenewfrontierresearch.com/ The New Frontier Research] (Pricing not public)
'''Arizona''':
* [https://arizonaanalytical.com/ Arizona Analytical] ($10–$40/test type)
* [http://www.c4lab.com/ C4 Laboratories] ($40–125/test type)
* [http://www.deltaverdelaboratory.com/ Delta Verde Laboratory] (Pricing not public)
* [http://desertvalleytesting.com/ Desert Valley Testing] ($15–$750, single and package tests)
* [https://kblabsaz.com/ Kanna-Bosm Labs] (Local and mobile testing; pricing not public)
'''Arkansas''':
* [http://www.marygoldlab.com/ Marygold Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/arkansas Steep Hill Arkansas] (Pricing not public)
'''California''':
* [http://anresco.com/ Anresco Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.belcostalabs.com/ BelCosta Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [http://budgenius.com Bud Genius] ($50/sample)
* [https://www.cannalysislabs.com/ Cannalysis] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.csalabs.com/ Cannasafe Analytics] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.cascadia-labs.com/ Cascadia Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://coastalanalytical.com/ Coastal Analytical] ($99–$3500, single and package tests)
* [https://www.cblabstesting.com/ CB Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [http://www.cwanalytical.com/ CW Analytical] (Pricing not public)
* [https://deibelcannabislabs.com/ Deibel Cannabis Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [http://www.eviolabs.com/ EVIO Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.flowerpottesting.com/ Flower Potency Testing] ($65–$620, single and package tests)
* [http://harrenslab.com/ Harrens Lab] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.hqal.org/ Humboldt Quality Assurance Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [http://infinitecal.com/ Infinite Chemical Analysis Labs] ($65–$90+/test)
* [https://www.chemistryofcannabis.com/ KS Labs] ($20–$200/test; also offers consulting)
* [http://mersolabs.com/ Merso Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://paclabanalytics.com/ PacLab Analytics] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.pharmlabscannabistesting.com/ PharmLabs] (Pricing not public)
* [http://pureanalytics.net/ Pure Analytics] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.sclabs.com/ SC Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.sequoia-labs.com/ Sequoia Analytical Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/california Steep Hill California] (Pricing not public)
* [https://thewercshop.com/ The Werc Shop] (Pricing not public)
'''Colorado''':
* [http://agrisciencelabs.com/ AgriScience Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [http://agricorlabs.com/ Agricor Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.aurum-labs.com/ Aurum Labs] ($36–$120/test type)
* [http://bonafideslab.com/ Bonafides Laboratory] (Pricing not public)
* [http://www.botanacor.com/ Botanacor] (Hemp testing; pricing not public)
* [http://gobianalytical.net/ Gobi Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://greenlabsolutionscompany.wordpress.com/ Green Lab Solutions Company] (Pricing not public)
* [http://greenhilllab.com/ GreenHill Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [http://www.nordicanalytic.com Nordic Analytical Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [https://phytatech.com/ PhytaTech CO] (Pricing not public)
* [http://www.rm3.us/ Rm3 Labs] ($35–$250, single and package tests)
* [http://www.teqanalyticallabs.com/ TEQ Analytical Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [https://goodlabcolorado.com/ The Good Lab] (Pricing not public)
'''Connecticut''':
* [http://altascilabs.com/ AltaSci Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
'''Delaware''':
* [http://www.agrolab.us/ Agrolab Organics] (State-contracted<ref name="FloodState16">{{cite web |url=http://www.capegazette.com/article/state-contracts-medical-marijuana-tester/120159 |title=State contracts medical marijuana tester |author=Flood, C. |work=Cape Gazette |date=15 November 2016 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref>)
'''District of Columbia''':
* [http://centrallab420.com/ Central Lab 420] ($100/test)
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/washington-dc Steep Hill DC] (Pricing not public)
'''Florida''':
* [http://cann-a-lab.com/ Cann-A-Lab] (Pricing not public)
* [http://eviolabs.com EVIO Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [http://www.marijinc.com/ MariJ Pharmaceuticals] (Mobile lab; pricing not public)
* [http://www.moderncanna.com/ Modern Canna Science (MCS)] (Pricing not public)
'''Hawaii''':
* [https://www.aeoslabs.com/ Aeos Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.pharmlabscannabistesting.com/ PharmLabs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/hawaii Steep Hill Hawaii] (Pricing not public)
'''Illinois''':
* [https://www.actlaboratoriesinc.com/ ACT Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [http://www.gracelabinc.com/ Grace Analytical Laboratory, Inc.] ([https://www.agr.state.il.us/medical-cannabis-pilot-program/ Approved by state], but not advertised on website)
* [http://www.lkpurelabs.com/ LK Pure Labs] (Pricing not public)
'''Louisiana''':
* Due to an absence of independent testing labs, the Louisiana Department of Agriculture is testing, as of October 2018<ref name="KarlinLouisiana18">{{cite web |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/business/article_b05f7ca4-d6fe-11e8-b997-8ff7036b6c47.html |title=Louisiana medical marijuana delayed after state forced to do product testing, company says |author=Karlin, S. |work=The Advocate |date=23 October 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>
'''Maine''':
* [http://www.proverdelabs.com/ ProVerde Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.sensiblemaine.com/ Sensible] ($17–$65/sample)
* [https://www.testedlabs.com/ Tested Labs] ($15–300/sample)
* [http://www.themainelab.com/ The Maine Lab] (Extraction services only)
'''Maryland''':
* [http://www.adventlaboratories.com/ Advent Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [http://atlantictestlabs.com/ Atlantic Test Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://pinnaclectlabs.com/ Pinnacle CT] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.quales.us/ Quales] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/maryland Steep Hill Maryland] (Pricing not public)
'''Massachusetts''':
* [https://cdxanalytics.com/ CDX Analytics] (Pricing not public)
* [http://eviolabs.com EVIO Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://mcrlabs.com/ MCR Labs] ($50–100/sample)
* [http://www.proverdelabs.com/ ProVerde Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
'''Michigan''':
* [https://www.actlaboratoriesinc.com/ ACT Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.ironlaboratories.com/ Iron Laboratories] ($40–$475, single and package tests w/o membership; cheaper with)
* [https://www.psilabs.org/ PSI Labs] ($35–$85, single and package tests)
* [http://www.steadfastlab.com/ Steadfast] (Pricing not public)
* [https://hitthespott.com/ The Spott] ($40–$90/test w/o membership; cheaper with, and can access package test prices)
'''Minnesota''':
* Not clear; independent labs must be approved by Commissioner of Health.<ref name="KlarqvistMinnesota16">{{cite web |url=http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hrd/pubs/MCTRA.pdf |format=PDF |title=Minnesota’s Medical Cannabis Therapeutic Research Act |author=Klarqvist, E. |publisher=Minnesota House of Representatives |date=August 2016 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref> Two labs—Aspen Research and Legend Technical Services—were approved to do testing in 2015, but neither lists those services on their website.<ref name="MDHPublic16">{{cite web |url=https://www.leg.state.mn.us/docs/2016/other/160894.pdf |format=PDF |title=Public Health Laboratory Annual Report: Fiscal Year 2015 |publisher=Minnesota Department of Health Public Health Laboratory |date=2016 |accessdate=14 March 2017}}</ref>
'''Missouri''':
* Medical marijuana passed in November 2018; Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services needs to develop testing rules<ref name="MarsoMedical18">{{cite web |url=https://www.kansascity.com/living/health-fitness/article221302705.html |title=Medical marijuana in Missouri: When—and if—you can get it |author=Marso, A. |work=The Kansas City Star |date=16 November 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>
'''Montana''':
* [https://www.buboanalytics.com/ Bubo Analytics] (Pricing not public)
* [http://cannabanalysis.com/ Cannabanalysis Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [https://clearbrewtech.com/ Clear Brew Technologies and Lab Services] (Pricing not public)
* [http://fidimt.com/ Fidelity Diagnostics] (Pricing not public)
* [https://montanabiotech.com/ Montana BioTech] (From $60)
* [http://stwlabs.com/ Stillwater Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
'''Nevada''':
* [http://www.374labs.com/ 374 Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [http://certifiedaglab.com/ Certified AgLab] (Pricing not public)
* [http://dblabslv.com/ DB Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://digipath.com/ Digipath] (Pricing not public)
* [http://g3labsllc.com/ G3 Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [http://mmlabtesting.com/ MM Lab] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.nvcann.com/ NV Cann Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [http://www.rsrlabs.com/ RSR Analytical Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
'''New Hampshire''':
* The state mandates testing, but it's not clear which independent laboratories are approved to do so. Alternative treatment centers may be responsible for own testing.
'''New Jersey''':
* Cannabis testing is mostly performed by the Department of Health and Senior Services.<ref name="HSS_NJAC8-64">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/health/medicalmarijuana/documents/final_rules.pdf |format=PDF |title=Medicinal Marijuana Program Rules |publisher=New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services |date=23 November 2011 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref>
* [https://cannalyticsrc.com/ Cannalytics Research Center] (Pricing not public)
'''New Mexico''':
* Scepter Lab (No website)
* Scientific Base Solutions (No website)
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/new-mexico Steep Hill New Mexico] (Pricing not public)
'''New York''':
* "The Department's Wadsworth Center Laboratory will perform initial testing and analysis of final medical marijuana products until independent laboratories receive certification from the New York State Environmental Laboratory Approval Program (ELAP)."<ref name="NYSFAQ">{{cite web |url=https://www.health.ny.gov/regulations/medical_marijuana/faq.htm |title=Frequently Asked Questions |work=New York State Medical Marijuana Program |publisher=New York State Department of Health |date=March 2016 |accessdate=24 February 2017}}</ref>
'''North Carolina''':
* [https://www.avazyme.com/industrialhemptestinglaboratory/ Avazyme] (Industrial hemp testing; pricing not public)
'''North Dakota''':
* The state mandates that its compassion centers must test cannabis in-house or have it done by a contracted facility.<ref name="NDPetitionMMJ">{{cite web |url=https://vip.sos.nd.gov/pdfs/Measures%20Info/2016%20General/Measure%205.pdf |format=PDF |title=Initiated Constitutional Amendment No. 5 |publisher=North Dakota Secretary of State |date=2016 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref>
* [http://www.keystonestatetesting.com/ Keystone State Testing, DBA Dakota State Testing] (Selected by ND for testing in May 2018<ref name="APNorth18">{{cite web |url=https://www.apnews.com/397eab5555e84454af2833c2763ba481 |title=North Dakota chooses medical marijuana laboratory company |work=The Associated Press |date=21 May 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>)
'''Ohio''':
* [https://www.actlaboratoriesinc.com/ ACT Laboratories] (Up and running by April 2019<ref name="ProvanceToledo18">{{cite web |url=https://www.toledoblade.com/local/2018/09/21/Toledo-lab-picked-for-medical-marijuana-testing-ACT-Laboratories-of-Ohio/stories/20180921147 |title=Toledo lab licensed for medical marijuana testing |author=Provance, J. |work=The Blade |date=21 September 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>)
* [https://www.battelle.org/government-offerings/health/public-health/battelle-public-health-center-for-substance-use-research/marijuana-research Battelle Memorial Institute] (Up and running by April 2019<ref name="ProvanceToledo18" />)
* [https://www.northcoasttestinglabs.com/ North Coast Testing Laboratories, LLC] (Up and running by April 2019<ref name="ProvanceToledo18" />)
'''Oklahoma''':
* As of October 2018, testing standards and licensing is still being discussed.<ref name="ZhengOklahoma18">{{cite web |url=https://kfor.com/2018/10/10/lawmakers-approve-recommendations-for-medical-marijuana-testing-standards/ |title=Oklahoma lawmakers approve recommendations for medical marijuana testing standards |author=Zheng, L. |work=Oklahoma's News 4 |date=10 October 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>
'''Oregon'''
* [https://www.3banalytical.com/ 3B Analytical] ($35–$325 for basic testing, single and package tests; control studies also available)
* [http://anovalab.net/ Anova Laboratory] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.cascadia-labs.com/ Cascadia Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://chemhistory.com/ ChemHistory] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.cslaboratories.com/ CS Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [http://eviolabs.com/ EVIO Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://greenleaflab.org/ Green Leaf Lab] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.ironlaboratories.com/ Iron Laboratories] ($40–$475, single and package tests w/o membership; cheaper with)
* [http://www.juniperanalyticsllc.com/ Juniper Analytics] ($50–$500, single and package tests)
* [https://lightscale.com/ Lightscale Labs] ($20–$300, single and package tests)
* [https://mwlabs.herokuapp.com/ MW Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://paclabanalytics.com/ PacLab Analytics] (Pricing not public)
* [https://phylos.bio/ Phylos Bioscience] ($60–$295; sexing and genotyping only)
* [https://preelab.com/ PREE Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [http://pixislabs.com/ Pixis Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://thereferencelabs.com/ Reference Labs] ($10–$350, single and package tests)
* [http://www.rosecitylabs.com/ Rose City Laboratories] ($25–$350, single and package tests)
* [https://www.sclabs.com/ SC Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/oregon Steep Hill Oregon] (Working on ORELAP and OLCC accreditation as of November 2018; pricing not public)
'''Pennsylvania''':
* [https://www.actlaboratoriesinc.com/ ACT Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
* [http://www.keystonestatetesting.com/ Keystone State Testing] (Pricing not public)
* [https://pcr-labs.com/ PCR Labs] ($50–$100/sample)
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/pennsylvania Steep Hill Pennsylvania] (Pricing not public)
'''Rhode Island''':
* Rhode Island Department of Health began taking applications for testing labs in September 2018.<ref name="BentleyRIDep18">{{cite web |url=https://patch.com/rhode-island/newport/ri-department-health-seeking-medical-marijuana-testing-labs |title=RI Department of Health Seeking Medical Marijuana Testing Labs |author=Bentley, J. |work=Patch - Newport |date=17 September 2018 |accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref>
* [http://www.ecltesting.com/ East Coast Labs] (Pricing not public)
'''Utah''':
* Medical marijuana passed in November 2018; the state is still working on laboratory testing terms<ref name="USLUtahMedical18">{{cite web |url=https://le.utah.gov/interim/2018/pdf/00004612.pdf |format=PDF |title=Utah Medical Cannabis Act Overview |author=Utah State Legislature |publisher=State of Utah |date=14 November 2018 |accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref>
'''Vermont''':
* The Department of Public Safety "may require laboratory testing of cannabis produced by a registered dispensary. The Department may specify the testing methodology. The registered dispensary shall bear the costs of any testing required by the Department."<ref name="DPSRulesReg15">{{cite web |url=http://vcic.vermont.gov/sites/vcic/files/files/marijuana-registry/MR-Rules-Regulating-Cannabis-for-Symptom-Relief.pdf |format=PDF |title=Rules Regulating Cannabis for Symptom Relief |publisher=Vermont Department of Public Safety |date=30 November 2015 |accessdate=02 March 2017}}</ref>
* [http://www.cvdvt.org/ Champlain Valley Dispenary] (News article indicates may be accepting testing from non-patients; $75-$125/sample for potency<ref name="BairdTest18">{{cite web |url=https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2018/06/12/vermonters-can-legally-test-cannabis-potency/659507002/ |title=Test the potency of your VT homegrown marijuana |author=Baird, J.B. |work=Burlington Free Press |date=12 June 2018 |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>)
* [https://www.nslvt.com/ Nutraceutical Science Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
'''Washington''':
* [https://analytical360.com/ Analytical 360] ($50–$125, single and package tests)
* [http://www.anateklabs.com/ Anatek Labs] ($10–$120/test)
* [http://www.cannalyticsqc.com/ Cannalytics QC] ($35–$70/test)
* [https://www.capitolanalysis.com/ Capitol Analysis] ($45–$80/test)
* [https://www.conflabs.com/ Confidence Analytics] ($50–$150, single and package tests)
* [http://www.dragonlaboratory.com/ Dragon Analytical Laboratory] ($20–$60/test)
* [http://www.greengrowerlabs.com/ Green Grower Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://integritylabsolympia.com/ Integrity Labs] ($25–$360, single and package tests)
* [https://www.medicinecreekanalytics.com/ Medicine Creek Analytics] ($25–$499, single and volume testing)
* [https://peakanalyticslab.com/ Peak Analytics] ($50–$75/test)
* [https://www.sclabs.com/ SC Labs] (Pricing not public)
* [https://www.steephill.com/locations/washington Steep Hill Washington] (Pricing not public)
* [https://thewercshop.com/ The Werc Shop] (Pricing not public)
* [https://traceanalytics.com/ Trace Analytics] ($40–$350, single and package tests)
* [http://tnwlab.com/ True Northwest] (Pricing not public)
'''West Virginia''':
* Still working on developing its medical cannabis program.<ref name="BPHOffice">{{cite web |url=https://dhhr.wv.gov/bph/Pages/Medical-Cannabis-Program.aspx |title=Office of Medical Cannabis |work=Bureau for Public Health |publisher=State of West Virginia |accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref> Draft legislation says the Bureau for Public Health will be responsible for approving testing laboratories.<ref name="BPHTitle64_17">{{cite web |url=http://dhhr.wv.gov/bph/Documents/MedicalCannabis/Proposed%20Rules/Medical%20Cannabis%20Program%20-%20Laboratories%20-%2064%20CSR%20111%20v1.pdf |format=PDF |title=Title 64, Legislative Rule, Bureau for Public Health, Series 111, Medical Cannabis Program - Laboratories |author=Bureau for Public Health |publisher=State of West Virginia |date=14 December 2017 |accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref>
'''Wisconsin''':
* [https://acceleratedcannabistesting.com/ Accelerated Cannabis Laboratories] (Pricing not public)
====Support services====
The following entities are known to provide consulting and support services of various types to cannabis testing labs (as well as cultivators, dispensaries, etc.):
* [http://www.3ccannabis.com/ 3C Consulting]
* [http://www.americancannabisconsulting.com/ American Cannabis Company]
* [https://www.begreenlegal.com/ BeGreenLegal]
* [http://c3analytical.com/ C3 Labs]
* [http://cannabisconsultantsfl.com/ Cannabis Business Services (of Florida)]
* [http://www.candri.org/ Cannabis Dispute Resolution Institute]
* [http://michigan-marijuana-lawyer.com/ Cannabis Legal Group]
* [http://www.carbonblueconsulting.com/ Carbon Blue Consulting]
* [https://www.evergreenlaw.co/ Evergreen Law]
* [https://www.hypur.com/ Hypur]
* [http://www.phytoscienceinstitute.com/ Phytoscience Institute]
* [http://www.phytosciences.com/ PhytoSciences Consultants]
* [http://signoto.com/ Signoto] (Canada)
* [http://steephilllab.com/consulting/ Steep Hill Halent]
* [http://www.vitalescientific.com/services/cannabis/ Vitale Scientific Associates]
* [https://willowindustries.com/consulting/ Willow Industries]
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==Citation information for this chapter==
'''Chapters''': 6. Final thoughts and 7. Resources
'''Title''': ''Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States''
'''Edition''': Second edition
'''Author for citation''': Shawn E. Douglas
'''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International]
'''Publication date''': December 2018
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