User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel7

A

Absorption: As a broad term, "absorption" is the process of one thing to take in another thing, be it in a gradual, natural way or in a more rapid, contrived way. As a laboratory test, this may vary based upon what is being analyzed. Examples include the D-xylose absorption test which determines how well a simple sugar is absorbed by the intestines, water absorption tests for soil and rock, and a 24-hour water absorption test for polymers and plastics.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, calibration and standards, chemical, clinical care, clinical and academic research, cosmetic, environmental, food and beverage, geology and mining, life sciences and biotechnology, logistics, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical

Accelerated stress test: Intertek defines this test as a process that "simulates 'real-life' conditions to provide necessary evaluation data that helps ensure a product’s life and reliability." This sort of testing is useful for the development and improvement of energy storage systems, electronic parts, and other materials. An even more intensive version of this test is the highly accelerated stress test (HAST).

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, energy, logistics, manufacturing and R&D, power and utility

Acceleration: The process of moving faster or increasing in rate of occurrence, though from a physics standpoint, it's a measure of velocity change over a period of time (a = Δv / Δt). In the world of laboratory testing, an acceleration test may refer to either a pure measurement of acceleration of a moving object, or it may refer to how objects react to acceleration forces, often over extended periods of time. Of course, calibration labs may test a device like an accelerometer to ensure it's measuring acceleration accurately.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, calibration and standards, manufacturing and R&D

Acid and base number: Acid number (AN) and base number (BN) are measurements of acidity and basicity of nonaqueous solutions. The acid number and base number tests are utilized most frequently in the petrochemical industry. This test differs from the pH test in that it measures the "concentration of acidic and alkaline constituents" rather than corrosive strength.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: chemical, petrochemical

Acoustic startle: This reflex test is a measure of sensorimotor performance in animals and humans, often for research purposes. The measurement of muscle contractions and/or higher level brain signals upon engagement of the test can provide valuable data in assessing developmental or human anxiety disorders.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research

Acoustical: Acoustical testing is a broad range of testing that gauges various aspects of how materials transmit, reflect, absorb, and reduce acoustic phenomena.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, calibration and standards, manufacturing and R&D, power and utility

Active ingredient: An active ingredient is the substance(s) in a pharmaceutical or nutraceutical that provides beneficial or adverse effects to an organism. In the laboratory world, quality assurance policies, legal regulations, and safety requirements demand active ingredients be tested for potency, efficacy, and proper formulation. Aside from pharmaceuticals, active ingredient testing may also extend to areas such as disinfectants and sanitizers.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: food and beverage, pharmaceutical

Acute contact: Acute contact — or sometimes "acute contact toxicity" — testing involves the application of a test substance to an organism (typically on the body surface) and thereafter the observance of any adverse effects that occur over a set period of time. In the agricultural and environmental sciences, much attention has been given to acute contact testing in bee colonies, whereas clinical and chemistry contexts focus on areas such as human dermatological reactions.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, chemistry, clinical and academic research, environmental, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, veterinary

Acute oral: Acute oral — or sometimes "acute oral toxicity" — testing is similar to acute contact, with the difference being the test substance is ingested by or injected into the organism.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, chemistry, clinical and academic research, environmental, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, veterinary

Acute toxicity: See "acute contact" and "acute oral"

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, chemistry, clinical and academic research, environmental, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, veterinary

Adhesion: Adhesion is the state or ability of an object to stay fastened or attached to another, or on a molecular level the attraction exerted between contacting body surfaces. A broad sub-series of tests may be involved when testing the adhesive qualities of a substance, including tear resistance, elongation, and viscosity. An R&D lab for example test a pressure-sensitive tape for shear and peel adhesion. Adhesion can also be studied at the molecular level, including among biological cells, important to understanding pathological processes such as cancerous growth and inflammation.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, chemical, clinical and academic research, life science and biotechnology, manufacturing and R&D

Age determination: Scientists, researchers, and forensic investigators have various reasons for needing to determine the age of organisms, remains, and manufactured items. Archeologists and other historical researchers turn to radiocarbon dating and thermoluminescence testing to determine the age of remains and supposed antiquities. Forensic investigators turn to chromatographic and infrared methods for ink dating and may even turn to DNA analysis techniques to determine the age of an individual associated with a blood or bone sample.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research, geology and mining, law enforcement and forensics, life science and biotechnology

Aging: From a manufacturing perspective, aging tests — sometimes referred to as accelerated aging or in specific cases shelf life tests — allow researchers and QA personnel to see how an item physically and/or chemically degrades under certain conditions (varying pressures, temperatures, humidity levels, etc.) over time. Practical laboratory examples include testing packaging for sterilized medical devices and solar generation platforms going into space. Tangentially related are tests associated with aging research, including cognitive and anti-aging blood tests.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, energy, life science and biotechnology, manufacturing and R&D, power and utility

Alcohol level: This test is used to determine the existence of alcohol (ethanol) in and/or alcohol concentration of a product (food, drink, pharmaceutical, etc.) or biological specimen (urine, blood, sweat, etc.).

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical care, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical

Allergy: Organisms can have allergic reactions (conditions caused by immune system hypersensitivity) to a wide variety of products, and thus both an organism and a product may receive some sort of allergy testing. On the clinical side, testing advances such as Phadia's ImmunoCAP blood test allows medical providers to test a patient for just about any causative allergen. In other industries, testing for the presence of gluten, soybean, egg, fish, peanut as well as some chemicals, preservatives, etc. in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals is commonplace.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, clinical care, cosmetic, environmental, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, veterinary

Altitude: Not only do aircraft components need to perform reliably under the pressure, temperature, humidity differences of working at higher altitudes; any product being transported at higher altitudes by air and ground needs packaging that can consistently protect it. As such, aviation components, food packaging, pharmaceutical packaging, and other related products must undergo altitude testing — including reduced pressure testing, decompression testing, and temperature/humidity testing — to ensure safety and product integrity.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical

Amino acid analysis: Amino acids are a primary component of proteins and are responsible for growth, tissue repair, and other important bodily functions. Therefor, testing methods that determine the amino acid content of raw and processed foods, (bio)pharmaceutical ingredients, physiological fluids, etc. are vital for making more nutritious food, providing safer pharmaceuticals, and developing better clinical outcomes. Amino acid testing has even been used to determine the gender associated with a set of fingerprints.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, chemical, clinical care, clinical and academic research, food and beverage, law enforcement and forensics, life science and biotechnology, pharmaceutical, veterinary

Angle of repose: Copley Scientific defines angle of repose as "the angle (relative to the horizontal base) of the conical pile produced when a granular material is poured on to a horizontal surface," and they state that the defining characteristics are largely based on the material's density, surface area, and coefficient of friction. This test has practical use in pharmaceuticals for operations such as blending, tablet compression, and capsule filling, and it's useful in geology, mining, and geophysical research.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research, geology and mining, pharmaceutical

Aniline point: Aniline is a prototypical, industrially produced liquid and aromatic amine that is used in the production of foams, dyes, antioxidants, and varnishes. This substance is used in combination with an oil to test its aniline point, which Fann Instrument Company defines as the "lowest temperature at which equal volumes of fresh aniline and an oil are completely miscible." This test is largely used by the petrochemical industry to, for example, determine the best drilling fluid to minimize degradation of rubber components on a drilling rig.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: petrochemical

Anion:

Antigen:

Antimicrobial:

API gravity:

Aquatic and avian toxicology:

Artificial pollution:

Ash:

Atterberg limits:

B

Basic sediment and water:

Bioaccumulation:

Bioavailability:

Bioburden / Microbial enumeration:

Biocompatibility:

Biodegradation:

Biomechanical:

Biomolecular:

Biophysical:

Biosafety:

Blood culture:

Blood gases:

Blood typing:

Boiling, freezing, and melting point:

C

C- and N-terminal:

Calorimetry:

Capillary and gel electrophoresis:

Carbon-hydrogen ratio:

Carcinogenicity:

Cargo analysis:

Case depth:

Cetane:

Characterization:

Chemical and materials compatibility:

Chemical oxygen demand:

Circular dichroism:

Cleanliness:

Climatics:

Cloud point:

Combustion:

Compaction:

Comparative Tracking Index:

Comparison:

Compendial:

Complete blood count:

Compliance/Conformance:

Composition:

Compression:

Conductivity:

Congealing point:

Conradson Carbon Residue:

Consolidation:

Contact mechanics:

Contamination:

Corrosion:

Counterfeit detection:

Cross-drive:

Current and current switching:

Cytology:

Cytopathology:

Cytotoxicity:

D

De novo protein:

Damage tolerance:

Decomposition:

Deformulation:

Degradation:

Density:

Design verification testing:

Detection:

Developmental and reproductive toxicology:

Dielectric withstand:

Dietary exposure:

Dimensional:

Discoloration:

Disintegration:

Dissolution:

Dissolved gas:

Disulfide bridge:

Doctor test:

Drop:

Dynamics:

E

Ecotoxicology:

Edge crush:

Efficacy:

Efficiency:

Electrolyte and mineral panel:

Electromagnetic compatibility:

Electromagnetic interference:

Electrophoresis:

Electrostatic discharge:

Elongation:

Endocrine disruptor screening program:

Endotoxin:

Endurance:

Environmental fate:

Environmental metabolism:

Environmental simulation:

Environmental stress-cracking resistance:

Ergonomics:

Etching:

Expiration dating:

Evaporation loss:

Extractables and leachables:

F

Failure:

Fatigue:

Fault simulation:

Feasibility:

File carving:

Fire debris analysis:

Flammability:

Flash point:

Flavor:

Fluid dynamics:

Fluorescence:

Formulation:

Fragrance:

Freight flow:

Friability:

Friction:

Functional:

Functional observational battery:

G

Genetic:

Genotoxicity:

Genotype:

Geochemistry:

Geophysics:

Geothermal:

GMO detection:

Grain and particle size:

Grindability:

Gunshot residue analysis:

H

HACCP:

Hazard analysis:

Heat resistance:

Heating value:

Hematocrit:

Hematotoxicity:

Hemoglobin:

Hydraulic:

Hydrocarbon group type:

Human factors:

Hydraulic conductivity:

I

Identification:

Immersion:

Immunoassay:

Immunofluorescence:

Immunohistochemistry:

Impact:

Impurity:

Incident analysis:

Incline impact:

Inclusion:

Induction motor fault:

Infectious disease:

Inflatability:

Ingredient:

Ingress:

Inhalation:

Integrity:

Internal arc:

Iodine value:

Irritation:

Isotope analysis:

Iterative:

K

Kauri-butanol value:

Kidney function:

L

Labeling:

Last-mile distribution:

Leak:

Learning and memory:

Lipid profile:

Liver function:

Load:

Locomotor activity:

Lot release:

Lightning:

Lubricity:

M

Macroetch:

Macro- and microstructure:

Mass:

Mechanical:

Mechanical durability:

Medical toxicology:

Metabolic:

Metallurgical analysis:

Microfluidics:

Minimum bactericidal concentration:

Minimum inhibitory concentration:

Mobility:

Moisture:

Mold, fungal, and mycotoxin:

Molecular weight:

Mutagenicity:

N

Nanoparticulate:

Neurotoxicity:

Nuclear density:

Nutritional:

O

Octane:

Optical testing:

Organic carbon:

Osmolality:

Osmolarity:

Out-of-phase making and breaking:

Oxidation reduction potential:

Oxidation stability:

P

Parasitic:

Partial discharge:

Passivation:

Pathogen:

Pathogenicity:

Penetration:

PDCAAS:

Peptide mapping:

Performance:

Permeability:

Peroxide value:

pH:

Pharmacokinetic:

Photometric:

Photostability:

Phototoxicity:

Physical:

Phytosanitary:

Plant metabolism:

Plating and coating evaluation:

Polarimetry:

Post-translational modification:

Pour point:

Power quality:

Preservative challenge:

Pressure:

Process safety:

Proficiency testing:

Protein analysis:

Protein characterization:

Purity:

Pyrogenicity:

Q

Qualification:

Quality control:

R

Radio interference voltage:

Radioactivity:

Radiochemistry:

Ramsbottom Carbon Residue:

Red blood cell count:

Reflectance:

Refractive index:

Reliability:

Resistance, capacitance, and inductance:

S

Safety:

Salt content:

Sanitation:

Saponification value:

Seismic:

Sensitization:

Sensory:

Shear:

Shelf life:

Shock:

Short-circuit withstand:

Short-line fault:

Smoke point:

Soil microflora:

Solar:

Solubility:

Specific gravity:

Specific rotation:

Spectral:

Sports performance:

Stability testing:

Sterility testing:

Stress:

Stress corrosion cracking:

Subchronic toxicity:

Sulfide:

Surface tension:

Surface topography:

T

Tear:

Temperature and humidity:

Temperature-rise:

Tensile:

Tension:

Terrestrial toxicology:

Thermal:

Thyroid function:

Torque:

Total viable count:

Toxicokinetic:

Traffic modeling and analysis:

Turbidity:

U

Ultraviolet:

Urine culture:

Usability:

V

Validation:

Vapor pressure:

Velocity and flow:

Verification:

Vibration:

Vigor and germination:

Virucidal efficacy:

Viscosity:

Visibility:

Voltage:

W

Water activity:

Weathering:

Wildlife toxicology: