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| ==Sandbox begins below== | | ==Sandbox begins below== |
| Operation of a [[physician office laboratory]] (POL) requires expertise, just like any other laboratory. But how should they be staffed, and what sort of education requirements should the staff have? This chapter addresses those questions and also provides additional resources for staffing a POL.
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| <div align="center">-----Return to [[LII:The Comprehensive Guide to Physician Office Laboratory Setup and Operation|the beginning]] of this guide-----</div>
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| __TOC__
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| ==5. Staffing and Education Requirements==
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| ===General staffing and education===
| | '''Title''': ''LIMS Selection Guide for Materials Testing Laboratories'' |
| Subpart M of the [[Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments]] (CLIA) details requirements and responsibilities for laboratory personnel, consultants, supervisors, and directors.<ref name="CLIARegsM">{{cite web |url=https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/chapter-IV/subchapter-G/part-493 |title=Title 42: Public Health, Part 493 — Laboratory Requirements |publisher=U.S. Government Publishing Office |date=13 May 2022 |accessdate=17 May 2022}}</ref> The exception to this is a laboratory with a certificate of waiver, where personnel requirements and proficiency testing is not required. However, manufacturers' instructions must still be carefully followed, and only CLIA-waived tests may be performed by the personnel.
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| For non-waived laboratories, the following resources provide paraphrasing of [https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/chapter-IV/subchapter-G/part-493 CLIA Subpart M]:
| | '''Edition''': First Edition |
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| * [https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/practice-and-career/managing-your-practice/clia/personnel-requirements.html American Academy of Family Physicians - Personnel Requirements]
| | '''Author for citation''': Shawn E. Douglas |
| * [https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/practice-and-career/managing-your-practice/clia/lab-director-duties.html American Academy of Family Physicians - Physician Office Laboratory (POL) Director Duties]
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| * [http://www.labflorida.com/internal/COLA/guides/LabGuide4.pdf Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA) - Personnel for Non-waived Testing] (PDF)
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| * [https://www.lighthouselabservices.com/state-license/ Lighthouse Lab Services - Laboratory State License and Personnel & Facility License Info]
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| In some cases, state governments apply additional regulations and responsibilities to clinical laboratories and their personnel. According to consultancy Lighthouse Lab Services, the following states have staffing, education, and licensing requirements beyond that of CLIA<ref name="LSUCLic">{{cite web |url=https://www.lighthouselabservices.com/state-license/ |title=State-by-State Laboratory Licensing Information |publisher=LMSI, LLC |accessdate=17 May 2022}}</ref>:
| | '''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International] |
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| * California: [https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OSPHLD/LFS/Pages/AboutUs.aspx Department of Public Health - Laboratory Field Services]
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| * Connecticut: [https://portal.ct.gov/DPH/Communications/Regulation--Licensure/Regulation--Licensure Department of Public Health - Regulation & Licensure]
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| * Florida: [https://floridasclinicallabs.gov/licensing/ Board of Clinical Laboratory Personnel - Licensing] and [https://ahca.myflorida.com/mchq/health_facility_regulation/Lab_HomeServ/non-waived_apps.shtml Agency for Health Care Administration - Laboratory and In-Home Services Unit]
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| * Georgia: [https://dch.georgia.gov/divisionsoffices/healthcare-facility-regulation Georgia Department of Community Health - Healthcare Facility Regulation]
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| * Hawaii: [https://health.hawaii.gov/statelab/ Department of Health - State Laboratories Division]
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| * Louisiana: [https://www.lsbme.la.gov/licensure/clinical-laboratory-personnel State Board of Medical Examiners - Clinical Laboratory Personnel]
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| * Montana: [https://boards.bsd.dli.mt.gov/clinical-laboratory-science-practitioners/ Department of Labor and Industry - Montana Board of Clinical Laboratory Science Practitioners]
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| * Nevada: [https://dpbh.nv.gov/Reg/MedicalLabs/Medical_Laboratories_-_Home/ Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health - Medical Laboratory Services]
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| * New Hampshire: [https://www.dhhs.nh.gov/doing-business-dhhs/licensing-certification/health-facilities-administration Department of Health and Human Services - Health Facilities Administration]
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| * New Jersey: [https://www.nj.gov/health/phel/ Department of Health - Public Health and Environmental Laboratories]
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| * New York: [https://www.wadsworth.org/regulatory/clep Department of Health - Clinical Laboratory Evaluation Program] and [http://www.op.nysed.gov/prof/clt/ Education Department - Clinical Laboratory Technology]
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| * North Dakota: [https://www.ndclinlab.com/ North Dakota Board of Clinical Laboratory Practice]
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| * Rhode Island: [https://health.ri.gov/licenses/detail.php?id=210 Department of Health - Healthcare Licensing]
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| * Tennessee: [https://www.tn.gov/health/health-program-areas/health-professional-boards/medlab-board/ml-board/licensure.html Department of Health - Medical Laboratory Board]
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| * Washington: [https://doh.wa.gov/licenses-permits-and-certificates/facilities-z/laboratory-quality-assurance Department of Health - Laboratory Quality Assurance]
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| * West Virginia: [https://dhhr.wv.gov/healthprep/programs/laboratory/Pages/default.aspx Department of Health and Human Resources - Office of Laboratory Services]
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| ===List of clinical certification and accreditation opportunities===
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| * [https://www.aab.org/aab/AAB_Board_of_Registry.asp American Association of Bioanalysts]: The AAB Board of Registry (ABOR) offers five different certifications, including medical technologist (MT) and medical laboratory technician (MLT).
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| * [https://www.aab.org/aab/Application-Fees.asp American Board of Bioanalysts]: ABB offers several laboratory director certifications.
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| * [https://www.ashi-hla.org/page/ACHI American College of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics]: The ACHI provides certifications for histocompatability technologists and directors.
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| * [https://americanmedtech.org/Certification/Get-Certified American Medical Technologists]: The AMT offers several laboratory-related certifications, including medical technologist (MT) and medical laboratory technician (MLT).
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| * [https://www.ascp.org/content/board-of-certification/get-credentialed American Society for Clinical Pathology]: The ASCP offers four levels of certification, with numerous subcategories in all but the Diplomate Certification. The four main levels are Technician, Technologist, Specialist, and Diplomate.
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| * [https://www.ncctinc.com/certifications National Commission of Certifying Agencies]: The NCCT offers several certifications, including medical assistant (NCMA) and phlebotomy technician (NCPT).
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| * [https://www.nhanow.com/certification National Healthcareer Association]: The NHA offers several certifications, including clinical medical assistant (CCMA) and phlebotomy technician (CPT).
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| * [https://www.nationalphlebotomy.org/ National Phlebotomy Association]: The NPA offers a certification for phlebotomists.
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| ===Laboratory accreditation programs===
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| * [https://a2la.org/accreditation/clinical-testing/ A2LA]: "Accredits clinical laboratories to five comprehensive accreditation program"
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| * [https://www.aabb.org/standards-accreditation/accreditation Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies]: AABB has an accreditation program for blood and biobanking facilities.
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| * [https://www.cola.org/ COLA]: Formerly the Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation; a non-profit accreditor of medical laboratories
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| * [https://www.cap.org/laboratory-improvement/accreditation/laboratory-accreditation-program College of American Pathologists]: CAP offers a laboratory accreditation program that "accredits laboratories performing testing on specimens from human beings or animals, using methodologies and clinical application within the expertise of the program."
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| * [https://www.jointcommission.org/accreditation-and-certification/health-care-settings/laboratory-services/ The Joint Commission]: Provides a variety of accreditation and certification programs for healthcare entities, including laboratories
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| * [http://www.naacls.org/accreditation/ National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences]: The NAACLS accredits and approved educational programs in the clinical laboratory sciences.
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| ===List of educational programs===
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| ====Higher-education====
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| {{Laboratory science education programs}}
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| '''One-year hospital-based programs'''
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| {{Laboratory science education programs/Hospital programs}}
| | '''Publication date''': ??? 2023 |
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| ====Continuing education====
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| [https://www.aama-ntl.org/continuing-education AAMA's various online courses]: The American Association of Medical Assistants offers courses and continuing education opportunities.
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| [https://labucate.org/coursesASCLS ASCLS Labucate]: The American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS) offers "convenient, high-quality, and affordable continuing education for laboratory professionals."
| | Description goes here... |
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| [https://www.labce.com/mls_mt_mlt_lab_continuing_education.aspx LabCE's various online classes]: LabCE offers more than 90 online clinical laboratory continuing education courses "for lab professionals, including medical laboratory technologists (MT), laboratory technicians (MLT), and students." Many of them are PACE-approved for continuing education credits.
| | The table of contents for ''LIMS Selection Guide for Materials Testing Laboratories'' is as follows: |
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| '''Other courses'''
| | :[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel10|1. Introduction to materials and materials testing laboratories]] |
| | ::1.1 Materials testing labs, then and now |
| | :::1.1.1 Materials testing 2.0 |
| | ::1.2 Industries, products, and raw materials |
| | ::1.3 Laboratory roles and activities in the industry |
| | :::1.3.1 R&D roles and activities |
| | :::1.3.2 Pre-manufacturing and manufacturing roles and activities |
| | :::1.3.3 Post-production quality control and regulatory roles and activities |
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| The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has [https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/CME_Courses_for_Laboratory_Directors_of_Moderate_Complexity_Laboratories a listing of CME courses] that help aspiring laboratory directors of moderate complexity laboratories meet CLIA guidelines.
| | :[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel11|2. Standards, regulations, and test methods affecting materials testing labs]] |
| | ::2.1 Globally recognized materials manufacturing standards |
| | :::2.1.1 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) materials standards |
| | :::2.1.2 ASTM International Volume 15.04 |
| | :::2.1.3 Canadian Standards Association (CSA) A3000 series |
| | :::2.1.4 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10993 |
| | :::2.1.5 Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF) Standard 35 family |
| | ::2.2 Regulations and laws around the world |
| | :::2.2.1 21 CFR Part 175 and 176 - United States |
| | :::2.2.2 Building Standard Law - Japan |
| | :::2.2.3 The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988 - United Kingdom |
| | :::2.2.4 National Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure 2011 - Australia |
| | :::2.2.5 Surface Coating Materials Regulations (SOR/2016-193) - Canada |
| | ::2.3 Standardized test methods for materials |
| | ::2.4 Materials laboratory accreditation |
| | :::2.4.1 A note about engineering and construction materials testing |
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| ===List of staffing agencies===
| | :[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel12|3. Choosing laboratory informatics software for your materials testing lab]] |
| The following are staffing agencies that focus at least some of their energy towards finding and placing laboratory personnel and management, including medical technologists, medical laboratory technicians, cytotechnologists, histotechnologists, and laboratory directors.
| | ::3.1 Evaluation and selection |
| | :::3.1.1 Technology considerations |
| | ::::3.1.1.1 Laboratory informatics options |
| | :::3.1.2 Features and functions |
| | ::::3.1.2.1 Base features |
| | ::::3.1.2.2 Specialty features |
| | :::3.1.3 Cybersecurity considerations |
| | :::3.1.4 Regulatory compliance considerations |
| | :::3.1.5 System flexibility |
| | :::3.1.6 Cost considerations |
| | ::3.2 Implementation |
| | :::3.2.1 Internal and external integrations |
| | ::3.3 MSW, updates, and other contracted services |
| | ::3.4 How a user requirements specification fits into the entire process (LIMSpec) |
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| ====National (U.S.) and global====
| | :[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel13|4. Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions]] |
| * [http://ahcstaff.com/job-seekers/allied/ Accountable Healthcare Staffing]
| | ::4.1 LIMS vendors |
| * [http://www.aerotek.com/clinical/clinical-jobs.aspx Aerotek]
| | ::4.2 Consultants |
| * [http://www.allmedstaffing.com/healthcare-staffing.html All Medical Personnel]
| | ::4.3 Professional |
| * [http://www.allswell.net/Job-Seekers/default.aspx ALL's WELL]
| | :::4.3.1 Trade organizations |
| * [http://www.amnhealthcare.com/allied_staffing_services/ AMN Healthcare]
| | :::4.3.2 Conferences and trade shows |
| * [http://www.aureusmedical.com/medical-laboratory/clinical-lab-scientist-cls-jobs.aspx Aureus Medical Group]
| | ::4.4 LIMSpec |
| * [http://www.clubstaffing.com/allied-disciplines/ Club Staffing]
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| * [http://www.comphealth.com/job-opportunities CompHealth]
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| * [http://www.fusionmedstaff.com/jobs/ Fusion Medical Staffing]
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| * [http://labcareer.com/ HealthCare Connections, Inc.]
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| * [http://www.insourcesolutions.com/laboratory-jobs/ Insource]
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| * [http://joulescientific.com/default.aspx Joule Scientific Staffing Solutions]
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| * [http://www.kellyglobal.net/eprise/main/cms/content/us/ksr/en/pages/specialty_gen_lab.html Kelly Scientific]
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| * [http://www.labsupport.com/ Lab Support]
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| * [http://www.lighthouserecruiting.com/ Lighthouse Recruiting]
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| * [http://www.maximstaffing.com/candidates/alliedHealth.aspx Maxim Staffing Solutions]
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| * [http://www.medtravelers.com/allied-healthcare-disciplines/medical-laboratory-technician-jobs/ Med Travellers]
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| * [http://www.medstaffservices.com/ Medical Staffing Services]
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| * [http://info.milleniamedical.com/clinical-lab-division Millenia Medical Staffing]
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| * [http://www.scientificrecruitment.com/ Scientific Recruitment Agency]
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| * [http://www.soliant.com/laboratory/ Soliant]
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| * [http://www.stmarksworld.com/pages/allied-health-staffing/ St. Mark's World]
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| * [http://www.staffpointe.com/ StaffPointe]
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| * [https://www.travelforce.com/medical-laboratory-jobs/ Travel Force Staffing]
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| * [http://www.travelmaxallied.com/ TravelMax Allied]
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| * [http://www.uniforce.com/ClinicalSupport.asp Uniforce Staffing Solutions]
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| ====Regional (U.S.)====
| | :[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel14|5. Taking the next step]] |
| | | ::5.1 Conduct initial research into a specification document tailored to your lab's needs |
| * [http://www.accessstaffing.com/Specialties/Scientific Access Staffing] (New York)
| | ::5.2 Issue some of the specification as part of a request for information (RFI) |
| * [http://flmedstaffing.com/ Florida Medical Staffing] (Florida)
| | ::5.3 Respond to or open dialogue with vendors |
| * [http://hpmstaffing.com/ Health Professional Medical Staffing] (California)
| | :::5.3.1 The value of demonstrations |
| * [http://www.healthcaretalent.net/career-profiles/ HealthCare Talent] (California)
| | ::5.4 Finalize the requirements specification and choose a vendor |
| * [http://www.labprosinc.com/ Lab Pros] (Massachusetts)
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| * [http://labstaff.com/ Laboratory Staffing, Inc.] (Minnesota)
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| * [http://www.labtechkc.com/ Labtech Specialty Staffing] (Kansas / Missouri)
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| * [http://www.mitchellmartin.com Mitchell Martin] (New York)
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| * [http://www.nuwestgroup.com/about/labtemps/ NuWest] (Washington)
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| * [http://www.stovermedicalservices.com/?page_id=20 Stover Medical Support Services] (Missouri / Illinois)
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| * [http://temporarylabservices.com/801.html Temporary Lab Services] (Virginia)
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| ==References==
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| <references />
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| ==Citation information for this chapter==
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| '''Chapter''': 5. Staffing and education requirements
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| '''Title''': ''The Comprehensive Guide to Physician Office Laboratory Setup and Operation''
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| '''Author for citation''': Shawn E. Douglas
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| '''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International]
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| '''Publication date''': June 2015
| | :[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel15|6. Closing remarks]] |
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| <!--Place all category tags here-->
| | :[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel16|Appendix 1. Blank LIMSpec template for manufacturing labs]] |
| | ::A1. Introduction and methodology |
| | ::A2. Primary laboratory workflow |
| | ::A3. Maintaining laboratory workflow and operations |
| | ::A4. Specialty laboratory functions |
| | ::A5. Technology and performance improvements |
| | ::A6. Security and integrity of systems and operations |
| | ::A7. Putting those requirements to practical use and caveats |
| | ::A8. LIMSpec in Microsoft Word format |
