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==Sandbox begins below==
==Sandbox begins below==


==1. Introduction to manufacturing laboratories==
[[File:|right|500px]]
According to McKinsey & Company, the U.S. manufacturing industry represents only 11 percent of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) and eight percent of direct employment, yet it "makes a disproportionate economic contribution, including 20 percent of the nation’s capital investment, 35 percent of productivity growth, 60 percent of exports, and 70 percent of business R&D spending."<ref name="CarrDeliver22">{{cite web |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/delivering-the-us-manufacturing-renaissance |title=Delivering the US manufacturing renaissance |author=Carr, T.; Chewning, E.; Doheny, M. et al. |work=McKinsey & Company |date=29 August 2022 |accessdate=24 March 2023}}</ref> These categories of economic contribution are important as many of them indirectly point to how the work of [[Laboratory|laboratories]] is interwoven within the manufacturing industry. As we'll discuss later in this chapter, manufacturing-based laboratories primarily serve three roles: research and development (R&D), pre-manufacturing and manufacturing, and post-production regulation and security (e.g., through exports and trade). We can be sure that if U.S. manufacturers' efforts represent huge chunks of total business R&D spending, trade, and capital expenditure (capex), a non-trivial amount of laboratory effort is associated with that spending. Why? Because R&D, trade, and manufacturing [[quality control]] (QC) activities rarely can occur without laboratories backing up their work.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ischi |first=H. P. |last2=Radvila |first2=P. R. |date=1997-01-17 |title=Accreditation and quality assurance in Swiss chemical laboratories |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s007690050092 |journal=Accreditation and Quality Assurance |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=36–39 |doi=10.1007/s007690050092 |issn=0949-1775}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Crow |first=Michael M. |last2=Bozeman |first2=Barry |date=1998 |title=Limited by design: R&D laboratories in the U.S. national innovation system |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=OVPZvqz2e6UC |chapter=Chapter 1: The Sixteen Thousand: Policy Analysis, R&D Laboratories, and the National Innovation System |publisher=Columbia University Press |place=New York |pages=1–40 |isbn=978-0-585-04137-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grochau |first=Inês Hexsel |last2=ten Caten |first2=Carla Schwengber |date=2012-10 |title=A process approach to ISO/IEC 17025 in the implementation of a quality management system in testing laboratories |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00769-012-0905-3 |journal=Accreditation and Quality Assurance |language=en |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=519–527 |doi=10.1007/s00769-012-0905-3 |issn=0949-1775}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ribeiro, À.S.; Gust, J.; Vilhena, A. et al. |year=2019 |title=The role of laboratories in the international development of accreditation |url=https://www.imeko.info/index.php/proceedings/7687-the-role-of-laboratories-in-the-international-development-of-accreditation |journal=Proceedings of the 16th IMEKO TC10 Conference "Testing, Diagnostics & Inspection as a comprehensive value chain for Quality & Safety" |pages=56–9}}</ref>


Labs in the manufacturing sector provide vital services, including but not limited to [[quality assurance]] (QA), QC, production control, regulatory trade control (e.g., authenticity and adulteration), safety management, label claim testing, and packaging analysis. These activities occur in a wide array of manufacturing industries. Looking to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), employed by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), manufacturing industries and sub-industries include<ref name="BLSManufact23">{{cite web |url=https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag31-33.htm |title=Manufacturing: NAICS 31-33 |work=Industries at a Glance |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |date=24 March 2023 |accessdate=24 March 2023}}</ref>:
'''Title''': ''LIMS Selection Guide for Materials Testing Laboratories''


* apparel (e.g., knitted goods, cut-and-sew clothing, buttons and clasps)
'''Edition''': First Edition
* chemical (e.g., pesticides, fertilizers, paints, cleaning products, adhesives, electroplating solutions)
* electric power (e.g., light bulbs, household appliances, energy storage cells, transformers)
* electronics (e.g., sensors, semiconductors, electrodes, mobile phones, computers)
* food and beverage (e.g., baked goods, probiotics, preservatives, wine)
* furniture (e.g., mattresses, sofas, window blinds, light fixtures)
* leather (e.g., purses, saddles, footwear, bookbinding hides)
* machinery (e.g., mining augers, air conditioning units, turbines, lathes)
* materials (e.g., ceramics, cements, glass, nanomaterials)
* medical equipment and supplies (e.g., ventilators, implants, lab equipment, prosthetics, surgical equipment)
* metal forming and casting (e.g., steel beams, aluminum ingots, shipping containers, hand tools, wire)
* paper and printing (e.g., cardboard, sanitary items, stationery, books, bookbinding papers)
* petrochemical (e.g., solvents, fuel additives, biofuels, lubricants)
* pharmaceutical and medicine (e.g., antivenom, vaccines, lab-on-a-chip diagnostic tests, cannabis products, nutraceuticals)
* plastics and rubbers (e.g., dinnerware, tires, storage and shelving, outdoor furniture)
* textiles (e.g., carpeting, upholstery, bulk fabric, yarn)
* vehicular and aerospace (e.g., electric vehicles, reusable rocketry, railroad rolling stock, OEM auto parts)
* wood (e.g., plywood, flooring, lumber, handrails)


If you've ever used a sophisticated two-part epoxy adhesive to repair a pipe crack, used an indoor sun lamp, gotten a lot of mileage out of a pair of leather gloves, received a medical implant, taken a medication, eaten a Twinkie, or ridden on Amtrak, one or more laboratories were involved somewhere in the manufacturing process before using that item. From endless research and testing of prototypes to various phases of quality and safety testing, laboratory science was involved. The importance of the laboratory in manufacturing processes can't be understated.
'''Author for citation''': Shawn E. Douglas


But what of the history of the manufacturing-focused lab? What of the roles played and testing conducted in them? What do they owe to safety and quality? This chapter more closely examines these questions and more.
'''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International]


===1.1 Manufacturing labs, then and now===
'''Publication date''': ??? 2023
In 1852, ''Putnam's Home Cyclopedia: Hand-Book of the Useful Arts'' was published as a dictionary-like source of scientific terms. Its definition of a laboratory at that time in U.S. history is revealing (for more on the equipment typically described with a laboratory of that time period, see the full definition)<ref name="AntisellPutnamArts52">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsI0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA284 |title=Putnam's Home Cyclopedia: Hand-Book of the Useful Arts |author=Antisell, T. |publisher=George P. Putnam |volume=3 |pages=284-5 |year=1852 |accessdate=31 March 2023}}</ref>:


<blockquote>'''Laboratory'''. The workshop of a chemist. Some laboratories are intended for private research, and some for the manufacture of chemicals on the large scale. Hence it is almost impossible to give a description of the apparatus and disposition of a laboratory which would be generally true of all. A manufacturing laboratory necessarily occupies a large space, while that of the scientific man is necessarily limited to a peculiar line of research. Those who study in organic chemistry have different arrangements than that of the mineral analyst.</blockquote>


====From small private manufacturing lab to larger-scale industrial manufacturing lab====
Description goes here...


====The rise of the industrial research lab====
The table of contents for ''LIMS Selection Guide for Materials Testing Laboratories'' is as follows:
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/20233/chapter/4#34


==References==
:[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel10|1. Introduction to materials and materials testing laboratories]]
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
::1.1 Materials testing labs, then and now
:::1.1.1 Materials testing 2.0
::1.2 Industries, products, and raw materials
::1.3 Laboratory roles and activities in the industry
:::1.3.1 R&D roles and activities
:::1.3.2 Pre-manufacturing and manufacturing roles and activities
:::1.3.3 Post-production quality control and regulatory roles and activities
 
:[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel11|2. Standards, regulations, and test methods affecting materials testing labs]]
::2.1 Globally recognized materials manufacturing standards
:::2.1.1 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) materials standards
:::2.1.2 ASTM International Volume 15.04
:::2.1.3 Canadian Standards Association (CSA) A3000 series
:::2.1.4 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10993
:::2.1.5 Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF) Standard 35 family
::2.2 Regulations and laws around the world
:::2.2.1 21 CFR Part 175 and 176 - United States
:::2.2.2 Building Standard Law - Japan
:::2.2.3 The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988 - United Kingdom
:::2.2.4 National Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure 2011 - Australia
:::2.2.5 Surface Coating Materials Regulations (SOR/2016-193) - Canada
::2.3 Standardized test methods for materials
::2.4 Materials laboratory accreditation
:::2.4.1 A note about engineering and construction materials testing
 
:[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel12|3. Choosing laboratory informatics software for your materials testing lab]]
::3.1 Evaluation and selection
:::3.1.1 Technology considerations
::::3.1.1.1 Laboratory informatics options
:::3.1.2 Features and functions
::::3.1.2.1 Base features
::::3.1.2.2 Specialty features
:::3.1.3 Cybersecurity considerations
:::3.1.4 Regulatory compliance considerations
:::3.1.5 System flexibility
:::3.1.6 Cost considerations
::3.2 Implementation
:::3.2.1 Internal and external integrations
::3.3 MSW, updates, and other contracted services
::3.4 How a user requirements specification fits into the entire process (LIMSpec)
 
:[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel13|4. Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions]]
::4.1 LIMS vendors
::4.2 Consultants
::4.3 Professional
:::4.3.1 Trade organizations
:::4.3.2 Conferences and trade shows
::4.4 LIMSpec
 
:[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel14|5. Taking the next step]]
::5.1 Conduct initial research into a specification document tailored to your lab's needs
::5.2 Issue some of the specification as part of a request for information (RFI)
::5.3 Respond to or open dialogue with vendors
:::5.3.1 The value of demonstrations
::5.4 Finalize the requirements specification and choose a vendor
 
:[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel15|6. Closing remarks]]
 
:[[User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel16|Appendix 1. Blank LIMSpec template for manufacturing labs]]
::A1. Introduction and methodology
::A2. Primary laboratory workflow
::A3. Maintaining laboratory workflow and operations
::A4. Specialty laboratory functions
::A5. Technology and performance improvements
::A6. Security and integrity of systems and operations
::A7. Putting those requirements to practical use and caveats
::A8. LIMSpec in Microsoft Word format

Latest revision as of 23:14, 20 September 2023

This is sublevel9 of my sandbox, where I play with features and test MediaWiki code. If you wish to leave a comment for me, please see my discussion page instead.

Sandbox begins below

[[File:|right|500px]]

Title: LIMS Selection Guide for Materials Testing Laboratories

Edition: First Edition

Author for citation: Shawn E. Douglas

License for content: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Publication date: ??? 2023


Description goes here...

The table of contents for LIMS Selection Guide for Materials Testing Laboratories is as follows:

1. Introduction to materials and materials testing laboratories
1.1 Materials testing labs, then and now
1.1.1 Materials testing 2.0
1.2 Industries, products, and raw materials
1.3 Laboratory roles and activities in the industry
1.3.1 R&D roles and activities
1.3.2 Pre-manufacturing and manufacturing roles and activities
1.3.3 Post-production quality control and regulatory roles and activities
2. Standards, regulations, and test methods affecting materials testing labs
2.1 Globally recognized materials manufacturing standards
2.1.1 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) materials standards
2.1.2 ASTM International Volume 15.04
2.1.3 Canadian Standards Association (CSA) A3000 series
2.1.4 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10993
2.1.5 Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF) Standard 35 family
2.2 Regulations and laws around the world
2.2.1 21 CFR Part 175 and 176 - United States
2.2.2 Building Standard Law - Japan
2.2.3 The Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988 - United Kingdom
2.2.4 National Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure 2011 - Australia
2.2.5 Surface Coating Materials Regulations (SOR/2016-193) - Canada
2.3 Standardized test methods for materials
2.4 Materials laboratory accreditation
2.4.1 A note about engineering and construction materials testing
3. Choosing laboratory informatics software for your materials testing lab
3.1 Evaluation and selection
3.1.1 Technology considerations
3.1.1.1 Laboratory informatics options
3.1.2 Features and functions
3.1.2.1 Base features
3.1.2.2 Specialty features
3.1.3 Cybersecurity considerations
3.1.4 Regulatory compliance considerations
3.1.5 System flexibility
3.1.6 Cost considerations
3.2 Implementation
3.2.1 Internal and external integrations
3.3 MSW, updates, and other contracted services
3.4 How a user requirements specification fits into the entire process (LIMSpec)
4. Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions
4.1 LIMS vendors
4.2 Consultants
4.3 Professional
4.3.1 Trade organizations
4.3.2 Conferences and trade shows
4.4 LIMSpec
5. Taking the next step
5.1 Conduct initial research into a specification document tailored to your lab's needs
5.2 Issue some of the specification as part of a request for information (RFI)
5.3 Respond to or open dialogue with vendors
5.3.1 The value of demonstrations
5.4 Finalize the requirements specification and choose a vendor
6. Closing remarks
Appendix 1. Blank LIMSpec template for manufacturing labs
A1. Introduction and methodology
A2. Primary laboratory workflow
A3. Maintaining laboratory workflow and operations
A4. Specialty laboratory functions
A5. Technology and performance improvements
A6. Security and integrity of systems and operations
A7. Putting those requirements to practical use and caveats
A8. LIMSpec in Microsoft Word format
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